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Anatomy > Lecture Outline #15 > Flashcards

Lecture Outline #15 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS development

A

ectoderm folds inward to form a hollow neural tube, central canal extends and ends expand to ventricles and are filled with CSF

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2
Q

3 primary brain vesicles

A

prosencephalon - forebrain
mesencephalon - midbrain
rhombencephalon - hindbrain

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3
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebrum, lobes

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4
Q

tel - cerebral functions

A

conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage & processing, and regulation of in-/voluntary somatic motor patterns

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5
Q

tel - hollow

A

lateral ventricles separated by septum pellucidum

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6
Q

tel - surface features

A

gyri - elevated ridges, increases surface area for more room for thought.
sulci - cleft-like depressions
lateral sulcus - separates temporal lobe from parietal & frontal
fissures - deeper grooves between lobes/regions
longitudinal fissure - separates cerebrum
transverse fissure - separates cerebrum & cerebellum

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7
Q

tel - hemispheres

A

right - sensory information, spatial relationships, artistic, creative, emotional response, self-awareness, feelings
left - language, reading, writing, speaking, logic
corpus callosum - (commissure) connects communication btw R&L brain, females = thicker and more activity

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8
Q

tel - frontal lobe - prefrontal cortex

A

emotion, motivation, new memories (short-term), behavioral regulation, sense of time, reasoning, thought-processing

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9
Q

tel - frontal lobe - speech center

A

Broca’s area - breathing/vocalization, left temporal side (97%)

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10
Q

tel - frontal lobe - pre-central gyrus

A

primary motor cortex - motor humunculus

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11
Q

tel - parietal lobe - central sulcus

A

separates parietal & frontal lobe

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12
Q

tel - parietal lobe - post-central gyrus

A

primary sensory cortex - sensory homunculus
navigation, touch, pressure, pain receptors

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13
Q

tel - temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, petrous part of bone protects ossicles, olfactory & gustatory corticles - special senses
new memories (short-term) & language

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14
Q

tel - occipital lobe

A

visual cortex

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15
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

neurological condition from genetic mutations/environmental factors. degradation of brain cells, loss of neurons/synapses, remember long-term not short-term, ventricles open up & lose surface area of gyri

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16
Q

senility

A

75% senile dementia is Alzheimer’s related, deterioration of organizational/focus tasks, memory loss (short then long term)

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17
Q

di - box

A

epithalamus - roof
thalamus - walls
hypothalamus - floor
3rd ventricle - chamber
interthalamic adhesion - middle connecting point of 3rd vent

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18
Q

di - pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin (sleep patterns) and perceives light
held up by habenula

19
Q

di - thalamus

A

relay/processing center for sensory info
fornix - memory formation
mammillary body - memory

20
Q

di - hypothalamus

A

coordinates the ANS - controls thirst, appetite, body temperature
coordinates the endocrine system - secretes hormones (oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone ADH)
integrates sensory & motor commands related to emotion
pituitary glad is rests in sella turcica and is suspended by the infundibulum

21
Q

mes - corpora quadrigemina

A

integrates
vision (superior colliculi - 2)
hearing (inferior colliculi - 2)

22
Q

mes - red nucleus

A

blood filled area that maintains muscle tone & posture

23
Q

mes - substantia nigra

A

creates neurotransmitter dopamine
drop in dopamine causes increased muscle tone

24
Q

cocaine

A

mes - binds/blocks the transporter & dopamine stays on the postsynaptic receptors

25
Q

parkinsons disease

A

mes - too much or too little dopamine causing oppositional muscles to fire and tremors

26
Q

mes - cerebral peduncles

A

support cerebrum and attach to brainstem
connect tel & met through white matter

27
Q

met - cerebellum

A

coordinates postural/skeletal muscles
programming of subconscious/repetitive movements
two hemispheres & vermis (worm structure separating)
folia - folds
arbor vitae - grey-white matter pattern
purkinje cells - highly branched cells giving cerebellum dark look
cerebellar peduncles - links cerebellum to brainstem & pons, allow communication between -bellum & pons
4th ventricle

28
Q

met - pons

A

4 CNs (V, VI, VII, VIII)
respiratory fine-tuning center
sleep paralysis

29
Q

mye - medulla oblongata

A

transition from to brain to spinal cord (switch of grey/white matter),
5 CNs (VII,IX, X, XI, XII)
autonomic centers for visceral function
- cardiovascular - heart rate
- respiratory - breath rate
- digestive systems - GI tract speed
compression within foramen magnum can lead to death
4th vent terminates here for central canal to run

30
Q

grey matter redox -brum&-bellum

A

neuron bodies make up the cortex/cortical surface or non-cortical concentrations of cells - nucleus

31
Q

white matter redox -brum&-bellum

A

association/arcurate fibers - btw. gyri within a hemisphere
commissural fibers btw gyri of oppositional hemispheres
projection fibers ascend/descend to CNS
longitudinal fibers/fasciculi are anterior/posterior

32
Q

limbic system

A

group of brain structures that help regulate emotion/behavior
links conscious thought w/ autonomic functions of brainstem (behavior & emotional states, thirst, hunger sex)
learning & storage/recall of long-term memory

33
Q

limbic system structures

A

amygdala, brainstem, cerebrum, cerebellum, dendate gyrus, body of fornix, hippocampus, mammillary bodies, olfactory bulb, septal nuclei, thalamus, uncus.

34
Q

synesthesia

A

hereditary neurological condition, cross-wiring of nerves.
letters/numbers may be interpreted as colors, sounds can be seen, shapes have a taste

35
Q

layers of head

A

scalp - epicranius - periosteum - skull - dura mater (endosteum) - arachnoid - brain w/ pia mater

36
Q

falx cerebri

A

runs between cerebral hemispheres and is anchored anteriorly to crista galli

37
Q

falx cerebelli

A

runs between cerebellar hemispheres and sits on vermis

38
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

runs between cerebrum and cerebellum in transverse fissure

39
Q

diaphragma sellae

A

encloses the pituitary gland in the sella turcica

40
Q

dural sinus

A

delamination of dura mater, forms cavity for venous blood, reflects off of endosteum

41
Q

dural sinuses

A

superior & inferior sagittal sinus - falx cerebri
straight sinus - tentorium cerebelli
transverse sinus - tentorium cerebelli
sigmoid sinus - terminates at jugular foramen, tentorium cerebelli
cavernous sinus - by pituitary gland
confluence of sinuses - superior sagittal, straight, and transverse

42
Q

choroid plexus

A

1 @ lateral vents to 3rd
1 @ 3rd to 4th
capillary beds in each ventricle
CSF is blood that loses plasma through refined filtration

43
Q

CSF flow

A

choroid plexus of lateral vents - lateral vents thru interventricular foramen - 3rd vent w/ choroid plexus thru mesencephalic aqueduct - 4th vent w/choroid plexus - central canal/apertures - subarachnoid space - arachnoid granulations - dural sinuses

44
Q

hydrocephalus

A

internal - failure for CSF to escape vents
external - failure for CSF to return to dural sinuses
the brain will push out and be damaged

Anatomy (21 decks)

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