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Microbiology 156 > Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 14-16 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 14-16 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ Transmission: transmission that occurs after birth

A

Horizontal

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2
Q

Horizontal Transmission: transmission that occurs __________ birth

A

after

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3
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Contact: Reservoir –> Host

A

Direct

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4
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Direct Contact:

i.e. __________, mononucleosis (__________)

A
  • STDs

- influenza

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5
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Contact: Reservoir–> Fomite–> Host

A

Indirect

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6
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : contaminated nonliving object

A

Fomite

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7
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Indirect Contact:
i.e. __________ from needle use, Influenza (__________ )

A
  • HIV

- most common

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8
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : Reservoir–> water/mucus droplets–> Host

A

Droplet

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9
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Droplet: (transmission over a __________ distance)

A

short

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10
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Droplet:
i.e. __________, Influenza, __________ cough

A
  • TB

- Whooping

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11
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Foodborne:  
Waterborne: 
Bloodborne:  
Airborne: 
Vector:
A

Vehicle

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12
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : eating contaminated food

A

Foodborne

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13
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Food __________ : the microbe causes disease directly
i.e. Listeriosis

A

infection

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14
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Food __________ : consuming toxin produced by the microbe, this is a true food poisoning i.e. Botulism

A

intoxication

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15
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : drinking contaminated water

A

Waterborne

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16
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : infection occurs from a blood transfusion, or a blood product infusion

A

Bloodborne

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17
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : transmission of the microbe over a long distance usually in dust
Mold spores, TB

A

Airborne

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18
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : insect

A

Vector

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19
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Vector: microbe is carried on the surface of the vector
Passive transport

A

Mechanical

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20
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Mechanical Vector: microbe is carried on the surface of the vector
Passive transport
__________, Cockroaches
i.e. __________ , Typhoid

A
  • Houseflies

- Trachoma

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21
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Vector: The microbe is carried in the vector; blood sucking insects
Active transport

A

Biological

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22
Q

-Horizontal Transmission-

Biological Vector: The microbe is carried in the vector; blood sucking insects
Active transport
Flea, __________, Tick
i.e. __________, West Nile, __________, Malaria

A
  • Mosquito
  • Plague
  • Lyme
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23
Q

Biological Vector: __________ transport

A

Active

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24
Q

Mechanical Vector: __________ transport

A

Passive

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25
Q

__________ disease: Disease that can be transmitted from one host to another

A

Communicable

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26
Q

Communicable disease: Disease that can be transmitted from one host to another.

-i.e. __________

A

HIV/AIDS

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27
Q

__________ disease: Disease that is easily transmitted from one host to another.
Usually transmitted by the droplet or airborne route.
i.e. Tuberculosis

A

Contagious

28
Q

Contagious disease: Disease that is easily transmitted from one host to another.
Usually transmitted by the __________ or airborne route.
i.e. __________

A
  • droplet

- Tuberculosis

29
Q

__________ disease: Disease that is not transmitted from one host to another. i.e. tetanus

A

Non-communicable

30
Q

Non-communicable disease: Disease that __________ transmitted from one host to another.
i.e. __________

A
  • is not

- tetanus

31
Q

__________ infection: Health care facility (hospital) acquired infection
ex. nursing home, doctors office

A

Nosocomial

32
Q

Nosocomial infection: Health care facility (hospital) acquired infection
ex. __________ , doctors office

A

nursing home

33
Q

-Nosocomial infection-

Urinary tract: etiology is __________

34
Q

-Nosocomial infection-

Surgical site: etiology is __________ aureus

A

Staphylococcus

35
Q

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections

  • __________ :
  • Compromised host:
  • Chain of __________:
A
  • Microbes

- transmission

36
Q

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections::

__________ : Pathogens can cause nosocomial infection, but most are caused by opportunists

37
Q

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections::

__________ : One whose resistance to infection is impaired

A

Compromised host

38
Q

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections::

__________ : How does the microbe get to the host

A

Chain of transmission

39
Q

__________ : Guidelines set up by the CDC for handling patients and body substances

A

Standard precautions

40
Q

Standard precautions:
Based on the assumption that all patient specimens could harbor __________ agents, and therefore must be treated with the same degree of __________

A
  • infectious

- care

41
Q

The primary recommendation by the CDC to reduce the incidence of __________ infections is to increase the use of hand sanitizer/ hand washing by __________

A
  • nosocomial

- health care workers.

42
Q

__________ Diseases (EIDs): diseases that are new or changing; having an increase in incidence in the recent past or a potential to increase in the future

A

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)

43
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs): diseases that are __________ or changing; having an increase in incidence in the recent past or a __________ to increase in the future

A
  • new

- potential

44
Q

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs):

ex. __________ is not a new disease but it is becoming __________ is changing

A
  • maleria

- resistance

45
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Modern __________ = West Nile Virus

A

transportation

46
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Overuse of __________ = Mosquitos developing resistance to pesticides

A

pesticides

47
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Overuse of pesticides = __________ developing __________ to pesticides

A
  • Mosquitos

- resistance

48
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Overuse of __________ = microbes becoming drug resistant

A

antibiotics

49
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Overuse of antibiotics = __________ becoming drug resistant

50
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

__________ measures = increase in the incidence of Lyme disease the deer population increases

A

Animal control

51
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Animal control measures = increase in the incidence of __________ disease as the __________ population increases

A
  • Lyme

- deer

52
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Failure of __________ = education on the need and safety of vaccination

A

Public Health

53
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Failure of Public Health = education on the need and safety of __________

A

vaccination

54
Q

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases-

Climate and __________ changes

A

Ecological

55
Q

__________ Syndrome - (Related to Climate and Ecological changes)

A

Hanta Pulmonary

56
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Emerged in the __________ region of America in the early ____

A
  • Four Corners

- 90s

57
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Caused by the __________ Virus (Hanta Virus)

A

Sin Nombre

58
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Found in the G.I. tract of the __________ (reservoir)

A

deer mouse

59
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

__________ : Airborne (inhalation of mouse __________ )

A
  • Transmission

- droppings

60
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Starts off with __________ signs and symptoms, then the lungs fill with __________

A
  • flu-like

- fluid

61
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Has a high __________ rate

62
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Emerged due to __________ and ecological changes

63
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Excessive __________ –> increased __________ productivity–> increased reproductive success of the deer mouse–> population explosion of deer mice–> greater proximity of deer mice to humans–> increased risk of people inhaling microscopic amounts of deer mouse dropping–> increase in the number of cases of Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

A
  • rainfall

- plant

64
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Excessive rainfall–> increased plant productivity–> increased reproductive success of the __________ –> population__________ of deer mice–> greater proximity of deer mice to humans–> increased risk of people inhaling microscopic amounts of deer mouse dropping–> increase in the number of cases of Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

A
  • deer mouse

- explosion

65
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

Excessive rainfall–> increased plant productivity–> increased reproductive success of the deer mouse–> population explosion of deer mice–> greater proximity of deer mice to__________ –> increased risk of people __________ microscopic amounts of deer mouse dropping–> __________ in the number of cases of Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

A
  • humans
  • inhaling
  • increase
66
Q

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome-

CDC recommendation is to avoid Deer mice and their __________

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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