Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 14-16 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

__________ Transmission: transmission that occurs after birth

Horizontal

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Horizontal Transmission: transmission that occurs __________ birth

after

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Contact: Reservoir –> Host

Direct

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Direct Contact:

i.e. __________, mononucleosis (__________)

STDs

- influenza

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Contact: Reservoir–> Fomite–> Host

Indirect

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : contaminated nonliving object

Fomite

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Indirect Contact:
i.e. __________ from needle use, Influenza (__________ )

- most common

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : Reservoir–> water/mucus droplets–> Host

Droplet

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Droplet: (transmission over a __________ distance)

short

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Droplet:
i.e. __________, Influenza, __________ cough

- Whooping

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-Horizontal Transmission-

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ :
Foodborne:  
Waterborne: 
Bloodborne:  
Airborne: 
Vector:

Vehicle

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : eating contaminated food

Foodborne

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Food __________ : the microbe causes disease directly
i.e. Listeriosis

infection

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Food __________ : consuming toxin produced by the microbe, this is a true food poisoning i.e. Botulism

intoxication

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : drinking contaminated water

Waterborne

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : infection occurs from a blood transfusion, or a blood product infusion

Bloodborne

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : transmission of the microbe over a long distance usually in dust
Mold spores, TB

Airborne

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ : insect

Vector

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Vector: microbe is carried on the surface of the vector
Passive transport

Mechanical

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Mechanical Vector: microbe is carried on the surface of the vector
Passive transport
__________, Cockroaches
i.e. __________ , Typhoid

Houseflies

- Trachoma

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-Horizontal Transmission-

__________ Vector: The microbe is carried in the vector; blood sucking insects
Active transport

Biological

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-Horizontal Transmission-

Biological Vector: The microbe is carried in the vector; blood sucking insects
Active transport
Flea, __________, Tick
i.e. __________, West Nile, __________, Malaria

Mosquito
Plague
Lyme

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Biological Vector: __________ transport

Active

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Mechanical Vector: __________ transport

Passive

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__________ disease: Disease that can be transmitted from one host to another

Communicable

Communicable disease: Disease that can be transmitted from one host to another. -i.e. __________

HIV/AIDS

__________ disease: Disease that is easily transmitted from one host to another. Usually transmitted by the droplet or airborne route. i.e. Tuberculosis

Contagious

Contagious disease: Disease that is easily transmitted from one host to another. Usually transmitted by the __________ or airborne route. i.e. __________

- droplet | - Tuberculosis

__________ disease: Disease that is not transmitted from one host to another. i.e. tetanus

Non-communicable

Non-communicable disease: Disease that __________ transmitted from one host to another. i.e. __________

- is not | - tetanus

__________ infection: Health care facility (hospital) acquired infection ex. nursing home, doctors office

Nosocomial

Nosocomial infection: Health care facility (hospital) acquired infection ex. __________ , doctors office

nursing home

-Nosocomial infection- Urinary tract: etiology is __________

E. coli

-Nosocomial infection- Surgical site: etiology is __________ aureus

Staphylococcus

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections - __________ : - Compromised host: - Chain of __________:

- Microbes | - transmission

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections:: __________ : Pathogens can cause nosocomial infection, but most are caused by opportunists

Microbes

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections:: __________ : One whose resistance to infection is impaired

Compromised host

3 Factors interacting together contribute to Nosocomial infections:: __________ : How does the microbe get to the host

Chain of transmission

__________ : Guidelines set up by the CDC for handling patients and body substances

Standard precautions

Standard precautions: Based on the assumption that all patient specimens could harbor __________ agents, and therefore must be treated with the same degree of __________

- infectious | - care

The primary recommendation by the CDC to reduce the incidence of __________ infections is to increase the use of hand sanitizer/ hand washing by __________

- nosocomial | - health care workers.

__________ Diseases (EIDs): diseases that are new or changing; having an increase in incidence in the recent past or a potential to increase in the future

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs)

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs): diseases that are __________ or changing; having an increase in incidence in the recent past or a __________ to increase in the future

- new | - potential

Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs): | ex. __________ is not a new disease but it is becoming __________ is changing

- maleria | - resistance

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Modern __________ = West Nile Virus

transportation

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Overuse of __________ = Mosquitos developing resistance to pesticides

pesticides

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Overuse of pesticides = __________ developing __________ to pesticides

- Mosquitos | - resistance

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Overuse of __________ = microbes becoming drug resistant

antibiotics

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Overuse of antibiotics = __________ becoming drug resistant

microbes

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- __________ measures = increase in the incidence of Lyme disease the deer population increases

Animal control

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Animal control measures = increase in the incidence of __________ disease as the __________ population increases

- Lyme | - deer

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Failure of __________ = education on the need and safety of vaccination

Public Health

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Failure of Public Health = education on the need and safety of __________

vaccination

-Factors leading to the emergence of diseases- Climate and __________ changes

Ecological

__________ Syndrome - (Related to Climate and Ecological changes)

Hanta Pulmonary

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Emerged in the __________ region of America in the early ____

- Four Corners | - 90s

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Caused by the __________ Virus (Hanta Virus)

Sin Nombre

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Found in the G.I. tract of the __________ (reservoir)

deer mouse

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- __________ : Airborne (inhalation of mouse __________ )

- Transmission | - droppings

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Starts off with __________ signs and symptoms, then the lungs fill with __________

- flu-like | - fluid

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Has a high __________ rate

mortality

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Emerged due to __________ and ecological changes

climate

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Excessive __________ --> increased __________ productivity--> increased reproductive success of the deer mouse--> population explosion of deer mice--> greater proximity of deer mice to humans--> increased risk of people inhaling microscopic amounts of deer mouse dropping--> increase in the number of cases of Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

- rainfall | - plant

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Excessive rainfall--> increased plant productivity--> increased reproductive success of the __________ --> population__________ of deer mice--> greater proximity of deer mice to humans--> increased risk of people inhaling microscopic amounts of deer mouse dropping--> increase in the number of cases of Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

- deer mouse | - explosion

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- Excessive rainfall--> increased plant productivity--> increased reproductive success of the deer mouse--> population explosion of deer mice--> greater proximity of deer mice to__________ --> increased risk of people __________ microscopic amounts of deer mouse dropping--> __________ in the number of cases of Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

- humans - inhaling - increase

-Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome- CDC recommendation is to avoid Deer mice and their __________

droppings