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Microbiology 156 > Lecture Exam 1 - Notes: pages 1-6 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 - Notes: pages 1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

_________ : study of microbes

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

_________ : any living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microbe

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3
Q

_________ : are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope

A

Microscopic organisms

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4
Q

_________ : can be seen without the aid of a microscope

A

Macroscopic organisms

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5
Q

_________ : study of Bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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6
Q

_________ : study of Viruses

A

Virology

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7
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

These are the smallest of all _________

A

microbes

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8
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

Viruses are not considered to be _________
Viruses are referred to as being _________

A
  • alive or dead

- active or inactive

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9
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

Active~_________ ; an active virus could cause disease

A

alive

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10
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

Inactive~_________ ; an inactive virus cannot cause disease

A

dead

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11
Q

Inactive~dead; an inactive virus _________ cause disease

A

cannot

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12
Q

Active~ alive; an active virus _________ cause disease

A

could

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13
Q

_________ : study of Fungi (yeast, mold & mushrooms)

A

Mycology

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14
Q

-Mycology-

Yeast and Mold are _________ fungi

A

microscopic

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15
Q

-Mycology-

Mushrooms are _________ fungi

A

macroscopic

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16
Q

_________ : study of Algae i.e. Seaweed

A

Phycology

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17
Q

_________ : study of Protozoa

A

Protozoology

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18
Q

_________ : study of Parasites (Worms = Helminthes)

A

Parasitology

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19
Q

_________ : study of the immune chemicals and cells that are produced in response to infection

A

Immunology

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20
Q

Public Health _________ and _________: Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities. The main agency is the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

A
  • Microbiology

- Epidemiology

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21
Q

Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology: Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities. The main agency is the CDC (_________ )

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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22
Q

_________ : includes any process in which humans use the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product

A

Biotechnology

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23
Q

_________ : techniques that alter the genetic makeup of organisms to mass produce chemicals such as human hormones, drugs, etc

A

Genetic engineering

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24
Q

_________ : science of classification

A

Taxonomy

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25
_________ : ``` Animalia: animals -Parasitology Plantae: plants - Phycology Protista: protozoa - Protozoology Fungi: yeast, mold, and mushrooms - Mycology Monera: bacteria - Bacteriology ```
5 kingdom classification system
26
-5 kingdom classification system- _________ : animals -Parasitology
Animalia
27
-5 kingdom classification system- Animalia: animals - _________
Parasitology
28
-5 kingdom classification system- _________ : plants - Phycology
Plantae
29
-5 kingdom classification system- Plantae: plants - _________
Phycology
30
-5 kingdom classification system- _________ : protozoa - Protozoology
Protista
31
-5 kingdom classification system- Protista: protozoa - _________
Protozoology
32
-5 kingdom classification system- _________ : yeast, mold, and mushrooms - Mycology
Fungi
33
-5 kingdom classification system- Fungi: yeast, mold, and mushrooms - _________
Mycology
34
-5 kingdom classification system- _________ : bacteria - Bacteriology
Monera
35
-5 kingdom classification system- Monera: bacteria - _________
Bacteriology
36
-3 domain system- _________ : Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)
Archaea
37
-3 domain system- _________ : True bacteria
Eubacteria
38
-3 domain system- _________ : All other living organisms
Eucarya
39
-Archaea: Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)- _________ : grown best in an environment containing methane gas
Methanogens
40
-Archaea: Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)- _________ : require a high salt concentration to grow
Obligate Halophile
41
-Archaea: Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)- _________ : grow best in environments that have very high temperatures
Hyperthermophiles
42
_________ - Are not classified as they are not alive
Viruses
43
Binomial System of _________ (2 word naming system)
Nomenclature
44
_________ : developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature (2 word naming system)
Linnaeus
45
Binomial System of Nomenclature (2 word naming system) The first word is called the _________ ; the second is called the _________
- genus | - species
46
When letters/numbers are written after the species name they refer to the _________ type of the _________
- strain | - bacterium
47
_________ are known as variations within a species
Strains
48
_________ : disease causing organism
Pathogen (pathogenic)
49
_________ : organism that Normally does not cause disease
Nonpathogen (nonpathogenic)
50
_________ : a non-pathogen that will take advantage of an “opportunity” to cause disease
Opportunistic organism
51
Nonpathogenic------ ________ ---Pathogenic
reversion
52
Every _________ is an Opportunistic organism
Non-pathogen
53
_________ : Degree of pathogenicity
Virulence
54
_________ : | Usually refers to the ability of individual strains or isolates from clinical samples to produce disease
Virulence
55
_________ : can cause disease; a virulent organism is pathogenic
Virulent
56
_________ : does not cause disease; an avirulent organism is nonpathogenic
Avirulent
57
The majority of microbes are _________ .
nonpathogenic
58
BSL = _________
Biosafety Level
59
Biosafety Level ___ Microbes not generally considered to be pathogens (non-pathogens) Microbiology teaching labs
1
60
Biosafety Level ___ Moderate potential to infect. Can cause disease in healthy people, but can be contained with proper facilities. Most pathogens fall into this class.
2
61
Biosafety Level ___ Microbes that can cause severe disease when inhaled such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague) HIV
3
62
Biosafety Level ___ Highly virulent microbes Extreme risk of infection and death Close to 100% mortality rate, no treatment, and no vaccine i.e. Ebola virus
4
63
Microbes can be used to produce _________
food
64
Any _________ food or beverage is a product of microbial growth
fermented
65
The microbes used to start the fermentation are called _________ cultures
starter
66
The microbes growing in the fermented food are called _________ cultures
active
67
``` Bread Beer Wine Sauerkraut Pickles Vinegar Cheese Yogurt ``` These are all:
active cultures
68
Microbes can be used as food Seaweed _________ : used as a protein supplement in animal feed
Single Cell Protein
69
_________ : naturally produced by microbes; will kill or inhibit the growth of other microbes
Antibiotics
70
_________ = Against life
Antibiotics
71
_________ : | Plays a role in blood clotting
Vitamin K
72
Vitamin K: | Naturally produced by the _________ in our G.I tract.
E. coli
73
E. coli is an _________ microbe
enteric
74
_________ = Intestinal
Enteric
75
Newborns are given Vitamin __ soon after birth as a preventative against _________ Disease Newborn
- K | - Hemorrhagic
76
Adults don’t need to be given Vitamin K since adults have high level of _________ in their G.I. tract
E. coli
77
_________ thuringiensis is a bacterium that is naturally found in soil It is nonpathogenic to humans but is pathogenic to insects
Bacillus
78
Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystals that are toxic to certain _________ , but are not toxic to _________
- insects | - humans
79
Commercial dusts are now on the market containing freeze-dried Bacillus thuringiensis. This is known as a _________
biopesticide
80
_________ : manipulation of DNA, recombinant products
Genetic engineering
81
_________ products = Product of genetic engineering
recombinant
82
-Genetic engineering- _________ : used by diabetics
Insulin
83
-Genetic engineering- _________ : treatment for dwarfism
Growth hormone
84
-Genetic engineering- _________ : blood clotting protein; treatment for hemophilia
Factor VIII
85
_________ : plants containing the Bt toxin gene
Bt plants
86
Bt = bacillus _________
thuringiensis
87
_________ = Genetically Modified Organism
GMO
88
GMO = Genetically Modified Organism | -Comes from a _________
microbe
89
_________ : using microbes to clean up pollutants Bacteria genetically engineered to clean up oil spills
Bioremediation
90
_________: Prevent pollution Recycle as drinking water
Sewage treatment

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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