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Microbiology 156 > Lecture Exam 1 - Notes: pages 1-6 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 - Notes: pages 1-6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_________ : study of microbes

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

_________ : any living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye.

A

Microbe

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3
Q

_________ : are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope

A

Microscopic organisms

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4
Q

_________ : can be seen without the aid of a microscope

A

Macroscopic organisms

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5
Q

_________ : study of Bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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6
Q

_________ : study of Viruses

A

Virology

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7
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

These are the smallest of all _________

A

microbes

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8
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

Viruses are not considered to be _________
Viruses are referred to as being _________

A
  • alive or dead

- active or inactive

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9
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

Active~_________ ; an active virus could cause disease

A

alive

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10
Q

Virology: study of Viruses

Inactive~_________ ; an inactive virus cannot cause disease

A

dead

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11
Q

Inactive~dead; an inactive virus _________ cause disease

A

cannot

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12
Q

Active~ alive; an active virus _________ cause disease

A

could

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13
Q

_________ : study of Fungi (yeast, mold & mushrooms)

A

Mycology

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14
Q

-Mycology-

Yeast and Mold are _________ fungi

A

microscopic

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15
Q

-Mycology-

Mushrooms are _________ fungi

A

macroscopic

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16
Q

_________ : study of Algae i.e. Seaweed

A

Phycology

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17
Q

_________ : study of Protozoa

A

Protozoology

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18
Q

_________ : study of Parasites (Worms = Helminthes)

A

Parasitology

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19
Q

_________ : study of the immune chemicals and cells that are produced in response to infection

A

Immunology

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20
Q

Public Health _________ and _________: Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities. The main agency is the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

A
  • Microbiology

- Epidemiology

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21
Q

Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology: Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities. The main agency is the CDC (_________ )

A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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22
Q

_________ : includes any process in which humans use the metabolism of living things to arrive at a desired product

A

Biotechnology

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23
Q

_________ : techniques that alter the genetic makeup of organisms to mass produce chemicals such as human hormones, drugs, etc

A

Genetic engineering

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24
Q

_________ : science of classification

A

Taxonomy

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25
Q

_________ :

Animalia:  animals -Parasitology
Plantae:  plants - Phycology
Protista:  protozoa - Protozoology
Fungi:  yeast, mold, and mushrooms - Mycology
Monera:  bacteria - Bacteriology
A

5 kingdom classification system

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26
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

_________ : animals -Parasitology

A

Animalia

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27
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

Animalia: animals - _________

A

Parasitology

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28
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

_________ : plants - Phycology

A

Plantae

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29
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

Plantae: plants - _________

A

Phycology

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30
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

_________ : protozoa - Protozoology

A

Protista

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31
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

Protista: protozoa - _________

A

Protozoology

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32
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

_________ : yeast, mold, and mushrooms - Mycology

A

Fungi

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33
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

Fungi: yeast, mold, and mushrooms - _________

A

Mycology

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34
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

_________ : bacteria - Bacteriology

A

Monera

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35
Q

-5 kingdom classification system-

Monera: bacteria - _________

A

Bacteriology

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36
Q

-3 domain system-

_________ : Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)

A

Archaea

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37
Q

-3 domain system-

_________ : True bacteria

A

Eubacteria

38
Q

-3 domain system-

_________ : All other living organisms

A

Eucarya

39
Q

-Archaea: Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)-

_________ : grown best in an environment containing methane gas

A

Methanogens

40
Q

-Archaea: Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)-

_________ : require a high salt concentration to grow

A

Obligate Halophile

41
Q

-Archaea: Ancient bacteria (extremophiles)-

_________ : grow best in environments that have very high temperatures

A

Hyperthermophiles

42
Q

_________ - Are not classified as they are not alive

A

Viruses

43
Q

Binomial System of _________ (2 word naming system)

A

Nomenclature

44
Q

_________ : developed the Binomial System of Nomenclature (2 word naming system)

A

Linnaeus

45
Q

Binomial System of Nomenclature (2 word naming system)

The first word is called the _________ ; the second is called the _________

A
  • genus

- species

46
Q

When letters/numbers are written after the species name they refer to the _________ type of the _________

A
  • strain

- bacterium

47
Q

_________ are known as variations within a species

A

Strains

48
Q

_________ : disease causing organism

A

Pathogen (pathogenic)

49
Q

_________ : organism that Normally does not cause disease

A

Nonpathogen (nonpathogenic)

50
Q

_________ : a non-pathogen that will take advantage of an “opportunity” to cause disease

A

Opportunistic organism

51
Q

Nonpathogenic—— ________ —Pathogenic

A

reversion

52
Q

Every _________ is an Opportunistic organism

A

Non-pathogen

53
Q

_________ : Degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

54
Q

_________ :

Usually refers to the ability of individual strains or isolates from clinical samples to produce disease

A

Virulence

55
Q

_________ : can cause disease; a virulent organism is pathogenic

A

Virulent

56
Q

_________ : does not cause disease; an avirulent organism is nonpathogenic

A

Avirulent

57
Q

The majority of microbes are _________ .

A

nonpathogenic

58
Q

BSL = _________

A

Biosafety Level

59
Q

Biosafety Level ___

Microbes not generally considered to be pathogens (non-pathogens)
Microbiology teaching labs

A

1

60
Q

Biosafety Level ___

Moderate potential to infect. Can cause disease in healthy people, but can be contained with proper facilities. Most pathogens fall into this class.

A

2

61
Q

Biosafety Level ___

Microbes that can cause severe disease when inhaled such as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Yersinia pestis (Bubonic plague)
HIV

A

3

62
Q

Biosafety Level ___

Highly virulent microbes
Extreme risk of infection and death
Close to 100% mortality rate, no treatment, and no vaccine i.e. Ebola virus

A

4

63
Q

Microbes can be used to produce _________

A

food

64
Q

Any _________ food or beverage is a product of microbial growth

A

fermented

65
Q

The microbes used to start the fermentation are called _________ cultures

A

starter

66
Q

The microbes growing in the fermented food are called _________ cultures

A

active

67
Q 
Bread
Beer
Wine
Sauerkraut
Pickles
Vinegar
Cheese
Yogurt

These are all:

A

active cultures

68
Q

Microbes can be used as food

Seaweed
_________ : used as a protein supplement in animal feed

A

Single Cell Protein

69
Q

_________ : naturally produced by microbes; will kill or inhibit the growth of other microbes

A

Antibiotics

70
Q

_________ = Against life

A

Antibiotics

71
Q

_________ :

Plays a role in blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

72
Q

Vitamin K:

Naturally produced by the _________ in our G.I tract.

A

E. coli

73
Q

E. coli is an _________ microbe

A

enteric

74
Q

_________ = Intestinal

A

Enteric

75
Q

Newborns are given Vitamin __ soon after birth as a preventative against _________ Disease Newborn

A
  • K

- Hemorrhagic

76
Q

Adults don’t need to be given Vitamin K since adults have high level of _________ in their G.I. tract

A

E. coli

77
Q

_________ thuringiensis is a bacterium that is naturally found in soil
It is nonpathogenic to humans but is pathogenic to insects

A

Bacillus

78
Q

Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystals that are toxic to certain _________ , but are not toxic to _________

A
  • insects

- humans

79
Q

Commercial dusts are now on the market containing freeze-dried Bacillus thuringiensis.
This is known as a _________

A

biopesticide

80
Q

_________ : manipulation of DNA, recombinant products

A

Genetic engineering

81
Q

_________ products = Product of genetic engineering

A

recombinant

82
Q

-Genetic engineering-

_________ : used by diabetics

A

Insulin

83
Q

-Genetic engineering-

_________ : treatment for dwarfism

A

Growth hormone

84
Q

-Genetic engineering-

_________ : blood clotting protein; treatment for hemophilia

A

Factor VIII

85
Q

_________ : plants containing the Bt toxin gene

A

Bt plants

86
Q

Bt = bacillus _________

A

thuringiensis

87
Q

_________ = Genetically Modified Organism

A

GMO

88
Q

GMO = Genetically Modified Organism

-Comes from a _________

A

microbe

89
Q

_________ :
using microbes to clean up pollutants
Bacteria genetically engineered to clean up oil spills

A

Bioremediation

90
Q

_________:

Prevent pollution
Recycle as drinking water

A

Sewage treatment

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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