Lecture Exam 1 - Notes: pages 6-16 Flashcards
_________ : microbes that are naturally found in and on the body.
Normal flora
The majority of normal flora are _________, but all of them are opportunistic
nonpathogenic
_________ - A person who is infected with a pathogen but doesn’t have any signs or symptoms of a disease (not sick)
Carrier
_________ Infection - doesn’t have any signs or symptoms of a disease (not sick)
Subclinical
_________ Infection - Have signs and symptoms (you’re sick)
Clinical
Age Gender Hygiene Drugs Genetics Nutrition Stress
Factors that can influence the numbers of _________
normal flora
The uterus and its contents are normally sterile during _________ and fetal development and remain germ free until just before _________
- embryonic
- birth
8-12 hours after delivery the newborn is typically colonized by _________ such as Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Lactobacilli
microbes
Breast fed infants acquire primarily _________ species whose growth is favored by a growth factor from milk (Oligopolysacchrides)
Bifidobacterium
Breast fed infants acquire primarily Bifidobacterium species whose growth is favored by a growth factor from milk (_________ )
Oligopolysacchrides
_________ : It produces products that protect the infant from pathogens. (kills the pathogens)
Bifidobacterium
Skin and its contiguous mucous membranes Upper respiratory tract Gastrointestinal tract Outer opening of the urethra External genitalia Vagina External ear canal External eye (lids, conjunctiva)
_________-
Sites that harbor Normal flora
_________ ;
All internal tissues and organs
Fluid with in organs or tissue
Sites that are sterile
_________ (germ free; have no microbes in or on them)
axenic animals
_________ : Preparation of live microbes used as a preventive o therapeutic measure to displace or compete with potential pathogens.
Probiotic
_________ : A non-digestible food product that is taken to enhance the growth of beneficial microbes in the body.
Prebiotic
_________ : The active cultures in yogurt - Any fermented food
Probiotic
_________ : The oligopolysaccharides in breast milk. -Fiber
Prebiotic
oligopolysaccharides = type of _________
sugar
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : Nonpathogenic bacteria Oral flora G.I. flora Vaginal flora
Lactobacillus
_________ :
Produces acid as it grows, and grows best in an acidic environment
It is called an acidophile
Lactobacillus
_________ :
Pathogenic yeast
Oral flora, G.I flora, and Vaginal flora
Grows best around a neutral pH (neutrophile)
Acid will kill or inhibit the growth of Candia
Candida
_________ :
If Candida grows it will cause Candidiasis (yeast infection)
Vaginal Candidiasis
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
Candidiasis is treated using anti-fungal drugs
Candida
Under normal circumstances high levels of _________ protect us from candidiasis
lactobacillus
Under normal circumstances high levels of lactobacillus protect us from candidiasis. But the use of _________ may change the balance of flora resulting in disease.
antibiotics
_________ most commonly occurs in one of 3 ways:
Antibiotic induced
Immune deficiency
Direct contact - Physical contact
Candidiasis
_________ - Infection caused by a microbe that comes from another source
Exogenesis
_________ - disease potential always there, just the normal flora was changed
Candida
_________ Infection - Infection caused by the persons normal flora
Endogenesis
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : Nonpathogenic bacteria Normal flora in the G. I tract Produces Bacteriocins as it grows Bacteriocins will prevent endospore germination
E. coli
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : Pathogenic bacteria Endospore former Anaerobe - will only grow in the absence of oxygen Produces toxins as it grows - (poisons)
Clostridium difficle
Clostridium difficult:
If it grows in the G.I tract, signs/symptoms range from a mild diarrhea to colitis, called _________ colitis.
This can result in ulceration and perforation of the intestinal wall.
Pseudomembranous
Under normal circumstances high levels of E. coli protect us from _________ associated diarrhea. But the use of antibiotics may change the balance of flora resulting in disease.
C. difficle
Clostridium difficle:
Treatment involves using Vancomycin to treat the colitis, and Flagyl is given to prevent _________ germination.
endospore
