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Microbiology 156 > Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 11-14 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 11-14 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ infection: infection limited to a small area of the body i.e. boil

A

Local

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2
Q

__________ infection: infection spread throughout the body i.e. AIDS

A

Systemic

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3
Q

__________ infection: infection starts out local, and then some part of the microbe spreads to other regions of the body i.e. tetanus

A

Focal

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4
Q

Focal infection: infection starts out local, and then some part of the __________ spreads to other regions of the body i.e. __________

A
  • microbe

- tetanus

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5
Q

__________ infection: several agents establish themselves simultaneously at the infection site
This is also called a polymicrobial infection i.e. Dental caries

A

Mixed

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6
Q

Mixed infection: several agents establish themselves __________ at the infection site
This is also called a __________ infection i.e. Dental caries

A
  • simultaneously

- polymicrobial

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7
Q

__________ infection: The first infection i.e. HIV

A

Primary

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8
Q

__________ infection: Follows the primary. Usually caused by opportunistic microbes i.e. Pneumonia,
Retinitis caused by CMV

A

Secondary

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9
Q

Secondary infection: Follows the primary. Usually caused by __________ microbes i.e. Pneumonia, __________ caused by CMV

A
  • opportunistic

- Retinitis

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10
Q

__________ infection: Rapid onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a short time i.e. Influenza - Short incubation period

A

Acute

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11
Q

Acute infection: Rapid onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a __________ time
i.e. __________ - Short incubation period

A
  • short

- Influenza

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12
Q

__________ infection: Slow onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a long time i.e. Tuberculosis - Long incubation period

A

Chronic

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13
Q

Chronic infection: Slow onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a __________ time
i.e. __________ - Long incubation period

A
  • long

- Tuberculosis

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14
Q

__________ : objective evidence of disease. Can be observed or measured
-ex. Temperature, Blood Pressure, Heart rate

A

Sign

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15
Q

Sign: objective evidence of disease. __________ be observed or measured
-ex. Temperature, __________, Heart rate

A
  • Can

- Blood Pressure

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16
Q

__________ : subjective evidence of disease. Symptoms cannot be observed or measured
(felt by patient) symptoms = Pain, fatigue, nausea, dizziness

A

Symptom

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17
Q

Symptom: subjective evidence of disease.
__________ be observed or measured
(felt by __________ )
symptoms = Pain, fatigue, nausea, dizziness

A
  • Cannot

- patient

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18
Q

__________ : when a disease can be identified or defined by a certain complex of signs/symptoms

A

Syndrome

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19
Q
  • Infectious syndrome, __________ by a microbe - - -

- Noninfectious syndrome, __________ by a microbe

A
  • caused

- not caused

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20
Q

__________ syndrome - - Staphylococcus

A

Toxic shock

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21
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: __________ syndrome

A

infectious

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22
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome: __________ syndrome

A

infectious

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23
Q

Down Syndrome: __________ syndrome

A

Noninfectious

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24
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: __________ etiology

A

unknown

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25
__________ - Barr virus, the cause of mononucleosis (kissing disease), was thought to be the etiology, but this theory has been discarded.
Epstein
26
Epstein - Barr virus, the cause of mononucleosis (__________ disease), was thought to be the etiology, but this theory has been __________.
- kissing | - discarded
27
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Name of this will be changed to SEID or Systemic __________ Disease
Exertion Intolerance
28
The prevalent symptom on mononucleosis is __________
fatigue
29
__________ Syndrome: can be infectious or noninfectious - SIDS
Sudden Infant Death
30
__________ : example of when SIDS is classified as infectious
Infant Botulism
31
-Infant Botulism- Caused by __________ botulinum; a bacterium that is found naturally is soil
Clostridium
32
-Infant Botulism- Can get into __________ when bees collect the pollen
honey
33
-Infant Botulism- If infants eat contaminated honey the organism will grow in their __________, and produce a highly potent neurotoxin called __________
- G.I. tract | - botulin
34
-Infant Botulism- This toxin (__________) prevents muscle contraction
botulin
35
-Infant Botulism- ``` This toxin (botulin) prevents muscle contraction. Result is “__________ syndrome” ```
floppy baby
36
-Infant Botulism- Infant dies of __________ failure (diaphragm will not contract)
respiratory
37
-Infant Botulism- Infant under the age of __ should not be fed honey or __________ syrup
- 1 | - maple
38
-Infant Botulism- __________ won’t get disease from eating honey since their normal flora contains high numbers of __________, which produce bacteriocins.
- Adults | - E. coli
39
-Infant Botulism- Adults won’t get disease """ The __________ prevent the C. botulinum endospores from __________ so toxin is not produced.
- bacteriocins | - germinating
40
__________ : pure, dilute, active botulin
Botox
41
__________ : Uses include for cosmetic purposes, treatment for a migraine, treatment for excessive __________, treatment for over-active bladder
- Botox | - perspiration
42
__________ : the infectious agent is in a dormant state
Latency
43
Chickenpox caused by __________-Zoster Virus - type of __________ virus
- Varicella | - herpes
44
__________ caused by Herpes Zoster Virus
Shingles
45
Shingles can not transmit __________, shingles transmits __________
- shingles | - chickenpox
46
Shingles: - Highest incidence in people over __ years of age (vaccine for prevention) - __________ deficiency - Medication - Stress
- 65 | - Immune
47
Shingles: - Highest incidence in people over 65 years of age (vaccine for prevention) - Immune deficiency - __________ - __________
- Medication | - Stress
48
Cold Sore caused by __________
HSV 1
49
__________ : Nonsexual transmission (above the waist)
Cold Sore caused by HSV 1
50
Genital Herpes caused by __________
HSV 2
51
__________ : Sexual transmission (below the waist)
Genital Herpes caused by HSV 2
52
__________ : after-effects of a disease | i.e. paralysis that remains after a person recovers from polio
Sequelae
53
Sequelae: after-effects of a disease | i.e. __________ that remains after a person recovers from __________
- paralysis | - polio
54
__________ : Fraction of a population that contracts disease during a stated time period. -New cases
Incidence
55
Incidence: Fraction of a population that contracts disease during a stated time period. - __________ cases
New
56
__________ : Fraction of a population that has disease during a stated time period. -Old plus New cases - Larger #
Prevalence
57
Prevalence: Fraction of a population that has disease during a stated time period. - __________ cases - Larger #
Old plus New
58
__________ disease: Occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals in random locales
Sporadic
59
Diphtheria is __________ due to vaccination
sporadic
60
Typhoid fever is sporadic due to hygiene and __________
sanitization
61
__________ disease: Exhibits relatively steady frequency over a long time period
Endemic
62
__________ disease: A large number of a population are infected, but only a low percentage have disease. So there are a lot of carriers within the population
Endemic
63
Endemic disease: A large number of a population are __________, but only a low percentage have disease. So there are a lot of __________ within the population
- infected | - carriers
64
Influenza is __________ in America
endemic
65
Endemic __________ : The natural occurrence of disease within a population
incidence
66
Endemic precautions (when traveling): - Vaccination - Only drink boiled or bottle water - Don’t use __________ unless it’s made from boiled or bottle water - Don’t eat __________
- ice | - salad
67
Endemic precautions (when traveling): - Don’t eat fruit you won’t peel - grapes, apples are high risk (washed with dirty water) - __________ - Insect repellant - Bed (mosquito) netting - Anit-__________ medication - taking antibiotics before sick
- Prophylaxis | - malaria
68
__________ : When there is a peak in the endemic incidence
Epidemic
69
Epidemic: When there is a peak in the __________ incidence
endemic
70
__________ : | Large number of cases occur in a relatively short time
Epidemic
71
Epidemic: - __________ in America - Whooping __________ in California
- AIDS | - Cough
72
__________ : Worldwide epidemic
Pandemic
73
Pandemics in the past include __________, and Influenza
Smallpox
74
Diseases currently classified as pandemic by the WHO include __________ and __________
- AIDS | - TB
75
__________ : The primary habitat in the natural world where the pathogen originates
Reservoir
76
Reservoir: The primary habitat in the natural world where the __________ originates
pathogen
77
Reservoir: - __________ - Animal - __________
- Human | - Nonliving
78
__________ disease: disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans. (Rabies, Lyme disease, West Nile Fever)
Zoonotic (zoonoses)
79
Zoonotic disease (zoonoses): disease of animals that can be transmitted to __________. (Rabies, __________, West Nile Fever)
- humans | - Lyme disease
80
__________ : a person or animal who harbors the pathogen, without any signs or symptoms. Subclinical infection
Carrier
81
Carrier: a person or animal who harbors the __________ , without any signs or symptoms. -__________ infection
- pathogen | - Subclinical
82
__________ carrier: can transmit the microbe while they are in the incubation period
Incubation
83
__________ carrier: can transmit the microbe after they have recovered from the disease
Convalescent
84
Convalescent carrier: can transmit the microbe after they have __________ from the disease
recovered
85
__________ carrier: transmit the microbe without being infected themselves. i.e. health care workers
Passive
86
Passive carrier: transmit the microbe without being __________ themselves. i.e. __________ workers
- infected | - health care

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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