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Microbiology 156 > Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 11-14 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 - Notes: pages 11-14 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ infection: infection limited to a small area of the body i.e. boil

A

Local

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2
Q

__________ infection: infection spread throughout the body i.e. AIDS

A

Systemic

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3
Q

__________ infection: infection starts out local, and then some part of the microbe spreads to other regions of the body i.e. tetanus

A

Focal

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4
Q

Focal infection: infection starts out local, and then some part of the __________ spreads to other regions of the body i.e. __________

A
  • microbe

- tetanus

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5
Q

__________ infection: several agents establish themselves simultaneously at the infection site
This is also called a polymicrobial infection i.e. Dental caries

A

Mixed

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6
Q

Mixed infection: several agents establish themselves __________ at the infection site
This is also called a __________ infection i.e. Dental caries

A
  • simultaneously

- polymicrobial

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7
Q

__________ infection: The first infection i.e. HIV

A

Primary

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8
Q

__________ infection: Follows the primary. Usually caused by opportunistic microbes i.e. Pneumonia,
Retinitis caused by CMV

A

Secondary

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9
Q

Secondary infection: Follows the primary. Usually caused by __________ microbes i.e. Pneumonia, __________ caused by CMV

A
  • opportunistic

- Retinitis

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10
Q

__________ infection: Rapid onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a short time i.e. Influenza - Short incubation period

A

Acute

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11
Q

Acute infection: Rapid onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a __________ time
i.e. __________ - Short incubation period

A
  • short

- Influenza

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12
Q

__________ infection: Slow onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a long time i.e. Tuberculosis - Long incubation period

A

Chronic

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13
Q

Chronic infection: Slow onset of signs/symptoms, but lasts for a __________ time
i.e. __________ - Long incubation period

A
  • long

- Tuberculosis

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14
Q

__________ : objective evidence of disease. Can be observed or measured
-ex. Temperature, Blood Pressure, Heart rate

A

Sign

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15
Q

Sign: objective evidence of disease. __________ be observed or measured
-ex. Temperature, __________, Heart rate

A
  • Can

- Blood Pressure

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16
Q

__________ : subjective evidence of disease. Symptoms cannot be observed or measured
(felt by patient) symptoms = Pain, fatigue, nausea, dizziness

A

Symptom

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17
Q

Symptom: subjective evidence of disease.
__________ be observed or measured
(felt by __________ )
symptoms = Pain, fatigue, nausea, dizziness

A
  • Cannot

- patient

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18
Q

__________ : when a disease can be identified or defined by a certain complex of signs/symptoms

A

Syndrome

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19
Q
  • Infectious syndrome, __________ by a microbe - - -

- Noninfectious syndrome, __________ by a microbe

A
  • caused

- not caused

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20
Q

__________ syndrome - - Staphylococcus

A

Toxic shock

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21
Q

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: __________ syndrome

A

infectious

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22
Q

Congenital Rubella Syndrome: __________ syndrome

A

infectious

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23
Q

Down Syndrome: __________ syndrome

A

Noninfectious

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24
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: __________ etiology

A

unknown

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25
Q

__________ - Barr virus, the cause of mononucleosis (kissing disease), was thought to be the etiology, but this theory has been discarded.

A

Epstein

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26
Q

Epstein - Barr virus, the cause of mononucleosis (__________ disease), was thought to be the etiology, but this theory has been __________.

A
  • kissing

- discarded

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27
Q

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Name of this will be changed to SEID or Systemic __________ Disease

A

Exertion Intolerance

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28
Q

The prevalent symptom on mononucleosis is __________

A

fatigue

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29
Q

__________ Syndrome: can be infectious or noninfectious - SIDS

A

Sudden Infant Death

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30
Q

__________ : example of when SIDS is classified as infectious

A

Infant Botulism

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31
Q

-Infant Botulism-

Caused by __________ botulinum; a bacterium that is found naturally is soil

A

Clostridium

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32
Q

-Infant Botulism-

Can get into __________ when bees collect the pollen

A

honey

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33
Q

-Infant Botulism-

If infants eat contaminated honey the organism will grow in their __________, and produce a highly potent neurotoxin called __________

A
  • G.I. tract

- botulin

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34
Q

-Infant Botulism-

This toxin (__________) prevents muscle contraction

A

botulin

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35
Q

-Infant Botulism-

This toxin (botulin) prevents muscle contraction.
Result is “\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ syndrome”
A

floppy baby

36
Q

-Infant Botulism-

Infant dies of __________ failure (diaphragm will not contract)

A

respiratory

37
Q

-Infant Botulism-

Infant under the age of __ should not be fed honey or __________ syrup

38
Q

-Infant Botulism-

__________ won’t get disease from eating honey since their normal flora contains high numbers of __________, which produce bacteriocins.

A
  • Adults

- E. coli

39
Q

-Infant Botulism-

Adults won’t get disease “””
The __________ prevent the C. botulinum endospores from __________ so toxin is not produced.

A
  • bacteriocins

- germinating

40
Q

__________ : pure, dilute, active botulin

41
Q

__________ : Uses include for cosmetic purposes, treatment for a migraine, treatment for excessive __________, treatment for over-active bladder

A
  • Botox

- perspiration

42
Q

__________ : the infectious agent is in a dormant state

43
Q

Chickenpox caused by __________-Zoster Virus - type of __________ virus

A
  • Varicella

- herpes

44
Q

__________ caused by Herpes Zoster Virus

45
Q

Shingles can not transmit __________, shingles transmits __________

A
  • shingles

- chickenpox

46
Q

Shingles:

  • Highest incidence in people over __ years of age (vaccine for prevention)
  • __________ deficiency
  • Medication
  • Stress
A
  • 65

- Immune

47
Q

Shingles:

  • Highest incidence in people over 65 years of age (vaccine for prevention)
  • Immune deficiency
  • __________
  • __________
A
  • Medication

- Stress

48
Q

Cold Sore caused by __________

49
Q

__________ :

Nonsexual transmission (above the waist)

A

Cold Sore caused by HSV 1

50
Q

Genital Herpes caused by __________

51
Q

__________ :

Sexual transmission (below the waist)

A

Genital Herpes caused by HSV 2

52
Q

__________ : after-effects of a disease

i.e. paralysis that remains after a person recovers from polio

53
Q

Sequelae: after-effects of a disease

i.e. __________ that remains after a person recovers from __________

A
  • paralysis

- polio

54
Q

__________ : Fraction of a population that contracts disease during a stated time period.
-New cases

55
Q

Incidence: Fraction of a population that contracts disease during a stated time period.
- __________ cases

56
Q

__________ : Fraction of a population that has disease during a stated time period.
-Old plus New cases - Larger #

A

Prevalence

57
Q

Prevalence: Fraction of a population that has disease during a stated time period.
- __________ cases - Larger #

A

Old plus New

58
Q

__________ disease: Occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals in random locales

59
Q

Diphtheria is __________ due to vaccination

60
Q

Typhoid fever is sporadic due to hygiene and __________

A

sanitization

61
Q

__________ disease: Exhibits relatively steady frequency over a long time period

62
Q

__________ disease:
A large number of a population are infected, but only a low percentage have disease. So there are a lot of carriers within the population

63
Q

Endemic disease:
A large number of a population are __________, but only a low percentage have disease. So there are a lot of __________ within the population

A
  • infected

- carriers

64
Q

Influenza is __________ in America

65
Q

Endemic __________ : The natural occurrence of disease within a population

66
Q

Endemic precautions (when traveling):

  • Vaccination
  • Only drink boiled or bottle water
  • Don’t use __________ unless it’s made from boiled or bottle water
  • Don’t eat __________
A
  • ice

- salad

67
Q

Endemic precautions (when traveling):

  • Don’t eat fruit you won’t peel - grapes, apples are high risk (washed with dirty water)
  • __________
  • Insect repellant
  • Bed (mosquito) netting
  • Anit-__________ medication
  • taking antibiotics before sick
A
  • Prophylaxis

- malaria

68
Q

__________ : When there is a peak in the endemic incidence

69
Q

Epidemic: When there is a peak in the __________ incidence

70
Q

__________ :

Large number of cases occur in a relatively short time

71
Q

Epidemic:

  • __________ in America
  • Whooping __________ in California
A
  • AIDS

- Cough

72
Q

__________ : Worldwide epidemic

73
Q

Pandemics in the past include __________, and Influenza

74
Q

Diseases currently classified as pandemic by the WHO include __________ and __________

75
Q

__________ : The primary habitat in the natural world where the pathogen originates

76
Q

Reservoir: The primary habitat in the natural world where the __________ originates

77
Q

Reservoir:

  • __________
  • Animal
  • __________
A
  • Human

- Nonliving

78
Q

__________ disease: disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans. (Rabies, Lyme disease, West Nile Fever)

A

Zoonotic (zoonoses)

79
Q

Zoonotic disease (zoonoses): disease of animals that can be transmitted to __________. (Rabies, __________, West Nile Fever)

A
  • humans

- Lyme disease

80
Q

__________ : a person or animal who harbors the pathogen, without any signs or symptoms.
Subclinical infection

81
Q

Carrier: a person or animal who harbors the __________ , without any signs or symptoms.
-__________ infection

A
  • pathogen

- Subclinical

82
Q

__________ carrier: can transmit the microbe while they are in the incubation period

A

Incubation

83
Q

__________ carrier: can transmit the microbe after they have recovered from the disease

A

Convalescent

84
Q

Convalescent carrier: can transmit the microbe after they have __________ from the disease

85
Q

__________ carrier: transmit the microbe without being infected themselves.
i.e. health care workers

86
Q

Passive carrier: transmit the microbe without being __________ themselves.
i.e. __________ workers

A
  • infected

- health care

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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