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Microbiology 156 > Final Exam - Notes: pages 1-6 > Flashcards

Final Exam - Notes: pages 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

__________ : resistance of an individual to disease that affects other species and other individuals of the same species; also referred to as a species barrier, or genetic immunity

A

Innate immunity

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2
Q

Innate immunity: resistance of an individual to disease that affects other species and other individuals of the same species; also referred to as a __________ barrier, or genetic __________

A
  • species

- immunity

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3
Q

__________ :

This type of immunity is considered fully functional at birth, in the absence of previous contact with microorganisms.

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ acquired = acquired in a normal life experience

A

Naturally

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5
Q

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ acquired = acquired during a medical procedure

A

Artificially

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6
Q

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ = a person is making antibodies; have memory

A

Active

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7
Q

-Acquired Immunity -

Active = a person is making antibodies; __________ memory

A

have

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8
Q

-Acquired Immunity -

__________ = a person is given antibodies; no memory; antibodies last a short time; Immediate protection

A

Passive

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9
Q

-Acquired Immunity -

Passive = a person is given antibodies; __________ memory; antibodies last a __________ time; Immediate protection

A
  • no

- short

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10
Q

__________ acquired __________ immunity (memory):

Antigens enter the body naturally; body produces antibodies. These antibodies are long lasting

A
  • Naturally

- active

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11
Q

Naturally acquired active immunity (memory):

Antigens enter the body naturally; __________ produces antibodies. These antibodies are __________

A
  • body

- long lasting

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12
Q

__________ acquired __________ immunity (no memory):
A) Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta, or to
B) infant in breast milk (colostrum). These antibodies provide immediate protection but last only for a short time

A
  • Naturally

- passive

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13
Q

Naturally acquired passive immunity (no memory):
A) __________ pass from mother to __________ via placenta, or to
B) infant in breast milk (colostrum). These antibodies provide immediate protection but last only for a short time

A
  • Antibodies

- fetus

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14
Q

Naturally acquired passive immunity (no memory):
A) Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta, or to
B) infant in breast milk (__________). These antibodies provide __________ protection but last only for a __________ time

A
  • colostrum
  • immediate
  • short
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15
Q

__________ acquired __________ immunity (memory):
Antigens are introduced artificially via vaccination; body responds by producing antibodies (All types of vaccination are AAAI)

A
  • Artificially

- active

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16
Q

Artificially acquired active immunity (memory):
Antigens are introduced artificially via __________; body responds by producing __________ (All types of vaccination are AAAI)

A
  • vaccination

- antibodies

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17
Q

__________ acquired __________ immunity (no memory):
Person receives antibodies via antiserum (antitoxin, immunoglobulin, gamma globulin = All mean the same thing - Purified antibodies)

A
  • Artificially

- passive

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18
Q

Artificially acquired passive immunity (no memory):
Person receives antibodies via __________ (antitoxin, immunoglobulin, gamma globulin = All mean the same thing - Purified __________)

A
  • antiserum

- antibodies

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19
Q

Disease: __________

-Disease of the genitourinary system

Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Trichomoniasis

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20
Q

Disease: Trichomoniasis

-Disease of the __________ system

Etiology: Trichomonas vaginalis

A

genitourinary

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21
Q

Disease: Trichomoniasis

-Disease of the genitourinary system

Etiology: Trichomonas __________

A

vaginalis

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22
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Reservoir: __________

A

Human

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23
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Mode of Transmission: __________

A

-Direct Contact

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24
Q
  • Disease: __________

- This is probably the most common STI/STD in America, but it is not reportable

A

Trichomoniasis

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25
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Men rarely have signs or symptoms (STI). If they do, these include Itching and burning during urination; some discharge

A

Trichomoniasis

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26
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Men rarely have signs or symptoms (STI). If they do, these include __________ and burning during urination; some __________

A
  • Itching

- discharge

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27
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Women have signs/symptoms (STD)

  • -Itching and burning during urination
  • -Profuse greenish yellow discharge
  • -Foul odor.
A

Trichomoniasis

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28
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Women have signs/symptoms (STD)

  • -Itching and burning during __________
  • -Profuse greenish yellow discharge
  • -Foul __________ .
A
  • urination

- odor

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29
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Treatment: __________ (Flagyl)

A

-Metronidazole

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30
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Treatment: Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

Trichomoniasis

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31
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

Prevention: __________

A

Condom use

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32
Q

-Disease: Trichomoniasis-

  • __________ transmission can cause preterm delivery: STORCH
  • -Low birth __________
A
  • Vertical

- weight

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33
Q

Disease: __________

Etiology: Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Gonorrhea

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34
Q

Disease: Gonorrhea

Etiology: __________ gonorrhea

A

Neisseria

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35
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Reservoir: __________

A

Human

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36
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Mode of Transmission: __________ (STI/STD);

A

Direct Contact

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37
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Invasion causes inflammation –> leukocytes more to the area (pus)

  • Men: single exposure results in infection
  • Women: single exposure results in infection
  • Women are more likely to become infected from exposure
A

Gonorrhea

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38
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Invasion causes inflammation –> __________ more to the area (pus)

  • Men: single exposure results in __________
  • Women: single exposure results in infection
  • Women are more likely to become infected from exposure
A
  • leukocytes

- infection

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39
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Invasion causes inflammation –> leukocytes more to the area (pus)

  • Men: single exposure results in infection
  • Women: single exposure results in infection
  • Women are __________ likely to become infected from __________
A
  • more

- exposure

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40
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Signs & Symptoms:
Men: Painful urination, discharge of urethral pus -STD
Women: Most women have a subclinical infection -Usually STI Painful urination, vaginal discharge

A

Gonorrhea

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41
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Signs & Symptoms:
Men: Painful urination, discharge of __________ pus -STD
Women: Most women have a __________ infection -Usually STI Painful urination, vaginal discharge

A
  • urethral

- subclinical

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42
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Treatment: __________

A

Antibiotics

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43
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Prevention: __________

A

Condom use

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44
Q

-Disease: __________ -

All Sequelae—> Untreated gonorrhea may lead to complications including gonorrheal endocarditis (heart), gonorrheal meningitis (brain), pharyngeal gonorrhea (throat), anal gonorrhea, gonorrheal arthritis

A

Gonorrhea

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45
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

All Sequelae—> Untreated gonorrhea may lead to complications including gonorrheal __________ (heart), gonorrheal __________ (brain), pharyngeal gonorrhea (throat), anal gonorrhea, gonorrheal arthritis

A
  • endocarditis

- meningitis

46
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

All Sequelae—> Untreated gonorrhea may lead to complications including gonorrheal endocarditis (heart), gonorrheal meningitis (brain), __________ gonorrhea (throat), anal gonorrhea, gonorrheal __________

A
  • pharyngeal

- arthritis

47
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Woman: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Salpingitis: infection of the fallopian tubes; can result in scarring that blocks the passage of ova from ovary to uterus-infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic/abdominal pain

A

Gonorrhea

48
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Woman: Pelvic __________ Disease (PID)
__________ : infection of the fallopian tubes; can result in scarring that blocks the passage of ova from ovary to uterus-infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic/abdominal pain

A
  • Inflammatory

- Salpingitis

49
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Woman: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Salpingitis: infection of the __________ tubes; can result in scarring that blocks the passage of ova from ovary to __________ -infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic __________ pain

A
  • fallopian
  • uterus
  • pelvic/abdominal
50
Q

-Disease: Gonorrhea-

Men: __________ ; epididymitis leading to scarring which leads to __________

A
  • Urethritis

- infertility

51
Q

Disease: __________ (Winter Vomiting Disease) - Inflammation of the lining of the G.I tract

A

Viral Gastroenteritis

52
Q

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (__________ Disease) - Inflammation of the lining of the __________

A
  • Winter Vomiting

- G.I tract

53
Q

Disease: __________

Etiology: Norwalk Virus (Norovirus)

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

54
Q

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

Etiology: __________ (Norovirus)

A

Norwalk Virus

55
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Characteristics of the organism: __________

A

Virus

56
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Reservoir: __________

A

Human (enteric)

57
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Mode of Transmission: __________

A

Fecal –> Oral

58
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Mode of Transmission:
__________ : most common modes of transmission in developing countries

A

Food borne & Waterborne

59
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Mode of Transmission:
__________ : most common mode of transmission in America

A

Indirect contact

60
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Signs & Symptoms:
Primary cause of viral __________ in older children and adults

A

gastroenteritis

61
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Signs & Symptoms:
Primary cause of viral gastroenteritis in older children and adults

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

62
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Signs & Symptoms:
Invasion period: __________, Vomiting, __________

A
  • Nausea

- Diarrhea

63
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Signs & Symptoms:
Invasion period: Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

64
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Most people remain carriers for as long as 2 days after the convalescence period
Convalescent carrier

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

65
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Most people remain carriers for as long as __ days after the __________ period
Convalescent carrier

A
  • 2

- convalescence

66
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Treatment: Fluid, Electrolytes

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

67
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Treatment: __________

A

Fluid, Electrolytes

68
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Prevention:

  • Hand washing
  • Boil Water - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • Cook Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • Alcohol will Not inactivate this virus so hand-sanitizer will not work
  • Bleach will inactivate the virus
A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

69
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Prevention:

  • Hand __________
  • Boil Water - Heat inactivates __________
  • Cook Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • Alcohol will Not inactivate this virus so hand-sanitizer will not work
  • Bleach will inactivate the virus
A
  • washing

- Norwalk

70
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Prevention:

  • Hand washing
  • Boil Water - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • __________ Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • Alcohol __________ inactivate this virus so hand-sanitizer will not work
  • Bleach will inactivate the virus
A
  • Cook

- will Not

71
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Prevention:

  • Hand washing
  • Boil Water - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • Cook Food - Heat inactivates Norwalk
  • Alcohol will Not inactivate this virus so __________ will not work
  • __________ will inactivate the virus
A
  • hand-sanitizer

- Bleach

72
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Sometimes referred to as the stomach flu or the 24 hour flu (not actually the flu)

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

73
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Sometimes referred to as the __________ or the 24 hour flu (__________ actually the flu)

A
  • stomach flu

- not

74
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Causers of outbreaks —> Foods most likely to be implicated are leafy vegetables, fruit, mollusks

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

75
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

Causers of __________ —> Foods most likely to be implicated are leafy __________, fruit, mollusks

A
  • outbreaks

- vegetables

76
Q

-Disease: __________ -

The majority of outbreaks in America were due to food workers using bare
hands to touch ready to eat food.

A

Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)

77
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis (Winter Vomiting Disease)-

The majority of outbreaks in America were due to __________ workers using __________
hands to touch ready to eat food.

A
  • food

- bare

78
Q

Disease: __________

Etiology: Rotavirus (non-enveloped DS RNA virus)

A

Viral Gastroenteritis

79
Q

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis

Etiology: __________ (non-enveloped DS RNA virus)

A

Rotavirus

80
Q

Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis

Etiology: Rotavirus (non-enveloped __________ virus)

A

DS RNA

81
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis-

Leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children; most __________ have had an infection by __________ years of age.

A
  • children

- 3-5

82
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis-

In third world countries the WHO is promoting __________ which is __________ passive immunity

A
  • breastfeeding

- Natural

83
Q

-Disease: __________ -

In third world countries the WHO is promoting breastfeeding which is Natural passive immunity

A

Viral Gastroenteritis

84
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Leading cause of infant mortality in developing nations

A

Viral Gastroenteritis

85
Q

-Disease: Viral Gastroenteritis-

Leading cause of __________ mortality in __________ nations

A
  • infant

- developing

86
Q

Disease: __________ (Erythema Infectiosum)

  • Disease of the respiratory tract
  • Contagious disease
A

Fifth Disease

87
Q

Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema __________ )

  • Disease of the respiratory tract
  • Contagious disease
A

Infectiosum

88
Q

Disease: Fifth Disease (__________ Infectiosum)

  • Disease of the respiratory tract
  • Contagious disease
A

Erythema

89
Q
  • Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-
  • Disease of the __________ tract
  • __________ disease
A
  • respiratory

- Contagious

90
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Etiology: Parvovirus B-19

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

91
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Etiology: __________

A

Parvovirus B-19

92
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Reservoir: __________

A

Human

93
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Mode of Transmission:

  • Droplet
  • -Breathing
  • -Coughing
  • -Sneezing
A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

94
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Mode of Transmission:

  • __________
  • -Breathing
    • __________
  • -Sneezing
A
  • Droplet

- Coughing

95
Q

-Disease: __________ -

The disease is contagious when the signs/symptoms resemble a common cold, and before you get the rash or joint pain. After the rash appears the disease is “probably” non-communicable.

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

96
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

The disease is contagious when the signs/symptoms resemble a __________ , and before you get the rash or joint pain. After the rash appears the disease is “probably” __________ .

A
  • common cold

- non-communicable

97
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Prodromal Period: Runny nose, Headache, Fever –Contagious

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

98
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Prodromal Period: Runny nose, __________, Fever – __________

A
  • Headache

- Contagious

99
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Invasion Period: Red rash on the face called “slapped cheek” rash–Noncommunicable

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

100
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Invasion Period: __________ on the face called “slapped cheek” rash– __________

A
  • Red rash

- Noncommunicable

101
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Adults, especially women, can develop Polyarthropathy syndrome, which is pain and swelling of the joints. This can last up to a month. It usually goes away without any long term problems

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

102
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Adults, especially women, can develop __________ syndrome, which is pain and swelling of the __________. This can last up to a month. It usually goes away without any long term problems

A
  • Polyarthropathy

- joints

103
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Adults, especially women, can develop Polyarthropathy syndrome, which is pain and swelling of the joints. This can last up to a __________. It usually goes away without any __________ term problems

A
  • month

- long

104
Q

-Disease: __________ -

Vertical Transmission: The risk is only for a woman who is sero-negative. In most cases there is no illness but if exposure occurs during the 1st half of pregnancy there is a possibility of miscarriage, or the baby having severe anemia

A

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

105
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

__________ Transmission: The risk is only for a woman who is sero-__________ . In most cases there is no illness but if exposure occurs during the 1st half of pregnancy there is a possibility of miscarriage, or the baby having severe anemia

A
  • Vertical

- negative

106
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Vertical Transmission: The risk is only for a woman who is sero-negative. In most cases there is no illness but if __________ occurs during the 1st half of pregnancy there is a possibility of __________, or the baby having severe __________

A
  • exposure
  • miscarriage
  • anemia
107
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Treatment: __________

A

No treatment

108
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Prevention: __________

A

Hand washing

109
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Complications of Fifth disease for people who are __________ include chronic anemia

A

-immunocompromised

110
Q

-Disease: Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)-

Complications of Fifth disease for people who are immunocompromised include chronic __________

A

anemia

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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