Final Exam - Notes: pages 13-19 Flashcards
1
Q
Disease: _________: disease of the gastrointestinal system
Etiology: Vibrio cholerae
A
Cholera
2
Q
Disease: Cholera: disease of the _________ system
Etiology: Vibrio cholerae
A
gastrointestinal
3
Q
Disease: Cholera: disease of the gastrointestinal system
Etiology: _________ cholerae
A
Vibrio
4
Q
-Disease: _________ -
produces enterotoxin called choleragen which causes the body to lose water and electrolytes
A
Cholera
5
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
produces enterotoxin called _________ which causes the body to lose water and _________
A
- choleragen
- electrolytes
6
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
toxin is heat _________ - (heat can _________ the toxin)
A
- labile
- inactivate
7
Q
-Disease: _________ -
Reservoir:
Nonliving (saltwater, freshwater)
Some humans are carriers (enteric)
A
Cholera
8
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
Reservoir:
_________ (saltwater, freshwater)
Some humans are _________ (enteric)
A
- Nonliving
- carriers
9
Q
-Disease: _________ -
Mode of Transmission: fecal-oral
- foodborne; in America eating raw shellfish
- waterborne
A
Cholera
10
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
Mode of Transmission: _________
- foodborne; in America eating raw shellfish
- _________
A
- fecal-oral
- waterborne
11
Q
-Disease: _________ -
Prodromal: vomiting, cramps, diarrhea
Invasion: rice water stool
A
Cholera
12
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
_________ : vomiting, cramps, diarrhea
Invasion: _________ water stool
A
- Prodromal
- rice
13
Q
-Disease: _________ -
High mortality rate due to massive loss of fluid and electrolytes
A
Cholera
14
Q
-Disease: _________ -
Treatment:
- I.V. fluid and electrolyte replacement reduces mortality
- Antibiotics
A
Cholera
15
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
Treatment:
- I.V. fluid and _________ replacement reduces mortality
- _________
A
- electrolyte
- Antibiotics
16
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
Prevention:
_________ food
Boil water
_________
A
- Cook
- Vaccine
17
Q
-Disease: Cholera-
Miscellaneous:
There have been 7 _________ of this disease since the early 1800’s
Currently there is an epidemic in _________
A
- pandemics
- Haiti
18
Q
Disease: _________ : Legionnaires’ disease
Etiology: Legionella pneumophila
A
Legionellosis
19
Q
Disease: Legionellosis: _________’ disease
Etiology: Legionella pneumophila
A
Legionnaires
20
Q
Disease: Legionellosis: Legionnaires’ disease
Etiology: Legionella _________
A
pneumophila
21
Q
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Reservoir: _________
A
Nonliving: water
22
Q
-Disease: _________ -
Reservoir:
Nonliving: water
-The microbe is avirulent in natural bodies of water
-The microbe becomes virulent in hot water
A
Legionellosis
23
Q
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Reservoir:
Nonliving: water
-The microbe is _________ in natural bodies of water
-The microbe becomes _________ in hot water
A
- avirulent
- virulent
24
Q
-Disease: _________ -
Mode of Transmission:
- Airborne aerosols from cooling towers, showers, faucets, hot tubs etc.
- No known human to human transmission–noncommunicable
A
Legionellosis
25
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Mode of Transmission:
- Airborne _________ from cooling towers, showers, faucets, hot tubs etc.
- No known human to human transmission-- _________
- aerosols
| - noncommunicable
26
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Signs & Symptoms: Usually causes a _________ infection unless the person is compromised
subclinical
27
-Disease: Legionellosis-
| _________ --Fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, diarrhea—misdiagnosed as influenza
Prodromal
28
-Disease: Legionellosis-
_________ --renal failure chest x-rays often show pneumonia
Invasion
29
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Prodromal--Fever, _________, muscle aches, headache, fatigue, diarrhea—misdiagnosed as _________
- chills
| - influenza
30
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Invasion-- _________ failure chest x-rays often show _________
- renal
| - pneumonia
31
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Legionnaires’ _________ cannot be distinguished from other types of pneumonia from _________ alone.
- pneumonia
| - signs/symptoms
32
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Treatment: _________ : must be specific for _________’ disease
- Antibiotics
| - Legionnaires
33
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Prevention:
-Test and _________ systems with disinfectants ( _________ )
- water
| - Hyperchlorination
34
-Disease: _________ -
Prevention:
-Test and treat water systems with disinfectants (Hyperchlorination)
Legionellosis
35
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Prevention:
To prevent _________ (hospital related) Legionnaire’s disease, the CDC recommends that hospitals test and treat their water systems only _________ there have been 1 one or two cases of the disease.
- nosocomial
| - after
36
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Risk factors (predisposing factors)
- _________
- >65 years old
- _________ smoking
- Immunocompromised
- Male
| - Cigarette
37
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Risk factors (predisposing factors)
- _________ abuse
- Organ transplantation (because they are given immunosuppressant drugs)
- _________
- Cancer
- Alcohol
| - Emphysema
38
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Most outbreaks occur during the _________ due to air conditioning systems
-summertime
39
-Disease: Legionellosis-
_________ : This disease is a result of infection with Legionella with flu like signs/symptoms, but the disease does not progress to pneumonia. Usually misdiagnosed as Influenza.
-Most cases occur in the summertime
Pontiac fever
40
-Disease: Legionellosis-
Pontiac fever: This disease is a result of infection with Legionella with _________ signs/symptoms, but the disease does not progress to pneumonia. Usually misdiagnosed as _________.
-Most cases occur in the summertime
- flu like
| - Influenza
41
Disease: _________
Etiology: E. coli O157:H7
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
42
Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Etiology: _________ O157:H7
E. coli
43
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Produces an exotoxin called the _________
Shiga toxin
44
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Reservoir: _________
Cows
45
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Mode of Transmission: _________
foodborne
46
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Mode of Transmission: foodborne
-Foods implicated in past outbreaks include: ground beef, _________ milk, unpasteurized juice, _________ sprouts, lettuce, spinach, _________
- unpasteurized
- alfalfa
- tomatoes
47
-Disease: _________ -
Signs & Symptoms:
most often severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
48
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Signs & Symptoms:
most often severe bloody _________ and abdominal _________
- diarrhea
| - cramps
49
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Signs & Symptoms:
children under 5, _________, and the elderly progress to _________ uremic syndrome
--red blood cells are destroyed and kidneys fail
- immunocompromised
| - Hemolytic
50
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Signs & Symptoms:
children under 5, immunocompromised, and the elderly progress to
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
-- _________ blood cells are destroyed and _________ fail
- red
| - kidneys
51
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Treatment:
- For HUS _________ and blood transfusions are needed
- _________, Fluids
- dialysis
| - Antibiotics
52
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Prevention:
- Cook meat especially _________ well-done (steak is not high risk)
- Avoid _________ when preparing food
- Drink only _________ milk, juice or cider
- hamburger
- cross-contamination
- pasteurized
53
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Prevention:
- _________ fruit and vegetables thoroughly
- _________ recommends that children
- Wash
- CDC
- alfalfa sprouts
54
-Disease: _________ -
Sequeale (after effects) of HUS include seizures, blindness, deafness, chronic kidney failure, neurological impairment
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
55
-Disease: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome-
Sequeale (after effects) of HUS include seizures, blindness, _________, chronic kidney failure, _________ impairment
- deafness
| - neurological
56
Disease: _________
Etiology: Salmonella typhimurium
Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonellosis
57
Disease: Salmonellosis
Etiology: Salmonella _________
Salmonella _________
- typhimurium
| - enteritidis
58
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Reservoir: _________ --Enteric
Animal
59
-Disease: _________ -
Reservoir: Animal--Enteric
- Poultry i.e. chicken, turkey, ducks
- Reptiles - Snakes, turtles, lizards
- Cows
- Pigs
Salmonellosis
60
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Reservoir: Animal--Enteric
- Poultry i.e. chicken, turkey, ducks
- _________ - Snakes, turtles, lizards
- Cows
- _________
- Reptiles
| - Pigs
61
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Mode of Transmission:
- _________
- _________
- foodborne
| - waterborne
62
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Signs & Symptoms:
abdominal _________, fever, _________
- cramps
| - diarrhea
63
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Treatment:
- _________ Fluids.
- Antibiotics (many strains are drug _________)
- I.V.
| - resistant
64
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Prevention:
- Cook food
- Avoid _________
- Hand washing
- Don’t eat raw or undercooked eggs (found in yolk)
- Wash hands after handling _________
- cross-contamination
| - reptiles
65
-Disease: _________ -
Sequelae:
A small number of infected people will go on to develop pain in their joints, irritation of the eyes,
and painful urination.
This is called Reiter’s syndrome.
It can last for months to years, and can lead to chronic arthritis
Salmonellosis
66
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Sequelae:
A small number of infected people will go on to develop pain in their _________, irritation of the eyes,
and painful urination.
This is called _________ syndrome.
It can last for months to years, and can lead to chronic _________
- joints
- Reiter’s
- arthritis
67
-Disease: Salmonellosis-
Estimated incidence is over __ million with a mortality rate of _____/year
- 6
| - 1000
68
Disease: _________
- Disease of the gastrointestinal tract
- Commonly misdiagnosed as Salmonellosis
Etiology: Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacteriosis
69
Disease: Campylobacteriosis
- Disease of the _________ tract
- Commonly misdiagnosed as _________
Etiology: Campylobacter jejuni
- gastrointestinal
| - Salmonellosis
70
Disease: Campylobacteriosis
- Disease of the gastrointestinal tract
- Commonly misdiagnosed as Salmonellosis
Etiology: Campylobacter _________
jejuni
71
-Disease: Campylobacteriosis-
Reservoir: _________ : especially _________ (one drop of juice from raw poultry can infect a person)
- Animal
| - poultry
72
-Disease: Campylobacteriosis-
Mode of Transmission:
- _________
- _________
- foodborne
| - waterborne
73
-Disease: Campylobacteriosis-
Signs & Symptoms:
-Most people get _________ (bloody), cramping, _________ pain, fever
- diarrhea
| - abdominal
74
-Disease: Campylobacteriosis-
Treatment:
- I.V. _________
- _________
- fluids
| - Antibiotics
75
-Disease: Campylobacteriosis-
Prevention:
- cook food
- _________ hands
- avoid cross contamination
- do not wash _________
- wash
| - poultry
76
-Disease: Campylobacteriosis-
Sequelae:
- in rare cases people may have _________ following Campylobacteriosis
- others may develop _________-Barre syndrome (autoimmune disorder of the nervous system)
- arthritis
| - Guillain
77
-Disease: _________ -
Sequelae:
- in rare cases people may have arthritis
- others may develop Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune disorder of the nervous system)
Campylobacteriosis
78
Disease: _________ (Bacillary Dysentery)
-Dysentery is inflammation of the intestine resulting in diarrhea with blood
Etiology:
- Shigella sonnei (most cases in America are due to this species)
- Shigella flexneri
- Shigella dysenteriae type 1
Shigellosis
79
Disease: Shigellosis (_________)
-Dysentery is inflammation of the intestine resulting in diarrhea with blood
Etiology:
- Shigella sonnei (most cases in America are due to this species)
- Shigella flexneri
- Shigella dysenteriae type 1
Bacillary Dysentery
80
Disease: Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
-Dysentery is inflammation of the _________ resulting in _________ with blood
Etiology:
- Shigella sonnei (most cases in America are due to this species)
- Shigella flexneri
- Shigella dysenteriae type 1
- intestine
| - diarrhea
81
Disease: Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)
-Dysentery is inflammation of the intestine resulting in diarrhea with blood
Etiology:
- Shigella _________ (most cases in America are due to this species)
- Shigella flexneri
- Shigella dysenteriae type 1
sonnei
82
-Disease: _________ -
produces the Shiga toxin -Just like E. coli 0157:H7
Shigellosis
83
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Reservoir: _________
Human (enteric)
84
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Mode of Transmission:
- Direct or indirect _________ (bacteria passing from stools or soiled _________ of one person to the _________ of another person; fecal-- oral)
- Vehicle (foodborne or waterborne)
- Mechanical vector - Flies
- contact
- fingers
- mouth
85
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Mode of Transmission:
- Direct or indirect contact (bacteria passing from stools or soiled fingers of one person to the mouth of another person; fecal-- oral)
- _________ (foodborne or waterborne)
- _________ vector - Flies
- Vehicle
| - Mechanical
86
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Signs & Symptoms:
- Diarrhea containing blood and _________ (dysentery)
- Fever
- _________
- mucus
| - Cramp
87
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Treatment:
- I.V. Fluid and _________
- _________ (drug resistance is a concern with this microbe)
- electrolytes
| - Antibiotics
88
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Prevention:
- Good basic _________ and hand-washing
- Cooking food
- _________ water
- hygiene
| - Boiling
89
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Sequelae
% of persons who are infected get _________ syndrome (post infection arthritis)
Sometimes _________ syndrome occurs after infection with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 -because of the Shiga toxin
- Reiter’s
| - Hemolytic uremic
90
-Disease: Shigellosis-
Sequelae
Approximately 2-3% of persons who are infected get Reiter’s syndrome (post infection _________)
Sometimes Hemolytic uremic syndrome occurs after infection with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 -because of the _________ toxin
- arthritis
| - Shiga
