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Microbiology 156 > Lab 1 Exam - Terminology / Questions > Flashcards

Lab 1 Exam - Terminology / Questions Flashcards

1
Q

__________ : Plastic plate in which Agar is placed

A

Petri plate

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2
Q

__________ : Food for the organism

A

Culture Media

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3
Q

__________ : Solid culture media (gel in media)

A

Agar

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4
Q

__________ : is also a generic term used to describe any food for a microbe

A

Agar

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5
Q

__________ : grow on the surface of the agar

A

Microbes

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6
Q

Agar plates are __________ when not in use. and the label goes on the __________

A
  • Upside down

- Backside

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7
Q

__________ : Population of microbes growing on the surface of the agar

A

Colony

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8
Q

__________ : Liquid culture media

A

Broth

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9
Q

__________ : Cloudy: broth ________ Indicates microbe are growing in the media

A
  • Turbid

- Turbidity

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10
Q

__________ : Destroy all life (microbes)

A

Sterilize

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11
Q

__________ : Free of all life (microbes)

A

Sterile

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12
Q

__________ : A chamber in which steam asunder pressure: used to sterilize material in microbiology

A

Autoclave

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13
Q

__________ : Chamber set at a specific temperature. This is where the inoculated agar plates and tubes containing broth are placed to grow cultures

A

Incubator

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14
Q

__________ : Techniques to avoid contamination

A

Aseptic techniques

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15
Q

__________ : To introduce or transfer microbes into “something” such as culture media

A

Inoculate

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16
Q

__________ : Ocular Magnification X Objective Magnification

A

Total Magnification

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17
Q

Total Magnification : __________ Magnification X __________ Magnification

A
  • Ocular

- Objective

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18
Q

Ocular Magnification is __X

A

10

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19
Q

Objective magnification is the __________

A

Lens choice

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20
Q

__________ : Automatic focusing

A

Parfocal

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21
Q

__________ : The area viewed through the ocular lens

A

Field of view

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22
Q

__________ : The distance between the end of the objective lens and the slide

A

Working distance

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23
Q

__________ : Ability to see detail: Clarity

A

Resolution

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24
Q

__________ : Adjustments in the distance between the ocular lenses to fit the eyes of the user

A

Interpupillary Adjustment

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25
Q

Two ways to control light intensity are:

A
  • On/Off Intensity regulator

- Iris Diaphragm

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26
Q

-Focusing Procedure - Shortcut-

  1. 2.
  2. Adjust the light regulator control to as bright as possible
  3. Move low power objective into position
  4. Adjust the coarse focus knob so the low power lens is as close as possible to the stage
A
  1. Plug the Microscope in and turn it on

2. Close the iris diaphragm

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27
Q

-Focusing Procedure - Shortcut-

  1. Plug the Microscope in and turn it on
  2. Close the iris diaphragm
    3.
    4.
  3. Adjust the coarse focus knob so the low power lens is as close as possible to the stage
A
  1. Adjust the light regulator control to as bright as possible
  2. Move low power objective into position
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28
Q

-Focusing Procedure - Shortcut-

  1. Plug the Microscope in and turn it on
  2. Close the iris diaphragm
  3. Adjust the light regulator control to as bright as possible
  4. Move low power objective into position
    5.
A
  1. Adjust the coarse focus knob so the low power lens is as close as possible to the stage
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29
Q

Objective Lens Power:

Scanning Power = __X

A

4

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30
Q

Objective Lens Power:

Low Power = __X

A

10

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31
Q

Objective Lens Power:

High Dry Power = __X

A

40

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32
Q

Objective Lens Power:

Oil Immersion = __X

A

100

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33
Q

Objective Lens Band Color:

Oil Immersion = __________

A

White

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34
Q

Objective Lens Band Color:

High Dry Power = __________

A

Blue

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35
Q

Objective Lens Band Color:

Low Power = __________

A

Yellow

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36
Q

Objective Lens Band Color:

Scanning Power = __________

A

Red

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37
Q

4 examples of Aseptic techniques:

  2. Flaming the mouth of a test tube
  3. Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
  4. Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
A

Flaming the loop/needle

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38
Q

4 examples of Aseptic techniques:

  1. Flaming the loop/needle
  3. Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
  4. Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
A

Flaming the mouth of a test tube

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39
Q

4 examples of Aseptic techniques:

  1. Flaming the loop/needle
  2. Flaming the mouth of a test tube
  4. Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench
A

Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate

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40
Q

4 examples of Aseptic techniques:

  1. Flaming the loop/needle
  2. Flaming the mouth of a test tube
  3. Not completely taking off the top of an agar plate
    4.
A

Wearing gloves, lab coat, and disinfecting the lab bench

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41
Q

Why is it important that petri plates be incubated upside down?

A

So the condensation does not drip down onto the agar

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42
Q

How many times should the mouth of a test-tube be flamed after the lid is taken off?

A

3

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43
Q

Why should the mouth of the test-tube be flamed when the lid is taken off?

A

To prevent contaminants

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44
Q

Why is it important that after being flamed, a loop must be cooled before it is used to perform an inoculation?

A
  • So you don’t kill the bacteria

- Dont create aerosols

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45
Q

How would you determine which area on an agar was the most contaminated?

A

The area with the most colonies

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46
Q

How can you determine if different types of microbes are growing on the sampled area of an agar?

A

Different Colony Morphology

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47
Q

What types of microbes are growing on the PDA plate?

A

Yeast and Mold

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48
Q

What types of microbes are growing on the TSA plate?

A

Bacteria

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49
Q

Parts of a Dissecting Microscope:

-
-
-Head
-Ocular Lens
-Magnification Knob
A
  • Base

- Focusing Knob

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50
Q

Parts of a Dissecting Microscope:

-Base
-Focusing Knob
-
-
-Magnification Knob

A
  • Head

- Ocular Lens

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51
Q

Parts of a Dissecting Microscope:

-Base
-Focusing Knob
-Head
-Ocular Lens
-

A

-Magnification Knob

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52
Q

Highest total magnification that can be reached with a Dissecting Microscope is ___X

A

300X

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53
Q

Magnification of the magnification knob on a dissecting microscope is ____X

A

7-30

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54
Q

The dissecting microscope in Microbiology is used to?

A

Determine colony morphology

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55
Q

In what fields of biology would a dissecting microscope be used?

A

Microbiology - to see colonies

56
Q

Bacterial cells can be classified as being either __________ or __________

A
  • Monomorphic

- Pleomorphic

57
Q

Monomorphic cells have __________

A

Single Shape

58
Q

Pleomorphic cells have __________

A

Variable forms

59
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

__________ : Spherical Shape

60
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

__________ : Rod shape

61
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

__________ : Oval Shape

A

Coccobacillus

62
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

__________ : Comma shape

63
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

__________ : Spiral shape

64
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

__________ : Spiral shape: longer and more tightly coiled than the spiral shape of a Spirillum

A

Spirochete

65
Q

-Bacterial Shapes-

Bacillus : Rod shape

i.
ii.

A

i. Short bacilli

ii. Long bacilli

66
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-

__________ : pair of cocci

A

Diplococcus

67
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-

__________ : chain of cocci

A

Streptococcus

68
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-

__________ : cluster of cocci

A

Staphylococcus

69
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Cocci-

__________ : cocci in groups of 4

70
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-

__________ : pair of rods

A

Diplobacillus

71
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-

__________ : chain of rods

A

Streptobacillus

72
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-

__________ : rods lined up parallel to one another, also known as a picket fence arrangement. V-shape

73
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-

__________ : rods that have no grouping pattern; Bacilli with no arrangement

74
Q

-Bacterial Grouping Patterns - Bacilli-

Irregular : rods that have no grouping pattern; Bacilli with no arrangement

  • Not a __________
  • None of those in __________
A
  • Cluster

- Rods

75
Q

What is the purpose of doing a quadrant streak?

A

To isolate a pure culture (colonies)

76
Q

After a quadrant streak has been completed, how will you know the the technique has been done correctly?

A

There will be isolated colonies in the fourth quadrant

77
Q

__________ : The bacterial cell has been stained, but the excess dye has been washed off the cell resulting in colored cells against a colorless background

A

Positive Staining technique

78
Q

A positive staining technique can be classified as either __________ or __________

A
  • Simple

- Differential

79
Q

A __________ staining technique uses only one dye

80
Q

A __________ staining technique uses more than one dye

A

differential

81
Q

A __________ staining technique results in colorless cells against a colored background

82
Q

Whats the purpose of doing a heat-fixed smear?

A

To isolate a pure culture

83
Q

What is the purpose of making a heat-fixed smear?

A

To fix the bacteria to the slide

84
Q

Two examples of aseptic techniques that are used when making a heat-fixed smear are:

A
  • Flaming the loop

- Not taking the lid off the agar plate

85
Q

Why must the smear be as thin as possible?

A

So the stain comes out correctly

86
Q

Why must a heat fixed smear be made before the staining technique is performed?

A

So you don’t wash the bacteria off the slide

87
Q

Some morphological characteristics of bacteria that can be determined by doing a simple stain are:

A

Shape and grouping pattern

88
Q

Why must the smear be dried by blotting the slide rather than rubbing it dry?

A

So you don’t wipe the bacteria off the slide

89
Q

-Gram Stain-

Primary stain : __________

A

Crystal violet

90
Q

-Gram Stain-

Mordant : __________

91
Q

-Gram Stain-

Decolorizing agent : __________

A

Ethyl alcohol

92
Q

-Gram Stain-

Secondary stain / Counter stain : __________

93
Q

Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:

  2. Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
  3. Making the smear too thick
  4. Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
A

The age of the culture

94
Q

Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:

  1. The age of the culture
  3. Making the smear too thick
  4. Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
A

Over heating while making a heat fixed smear

95
Q

Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:

  1. The age of the culture
  2. Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
  4. Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear
A

Making the smear too thick

96
Q

Factors that can adversely affect the Gram reaction of a bacterial culture include:

  1. The age of the culture
  2. Over heating while making a heat fixed smear
  3. Making the smear too thick
    4.
A

Not following the exact times that the dyes must remain on the smear

97
Q

What color will Gram positive bacteria stain if the iodine step is skipped during the Gram staining procedure?

98
Q

What color would Gram positive bacterium be stained if the decolorizing agent is left on the slide for too long of a time period?

99
Q

What color would a Gram negative bacterium be observed as, if the Gram staining procedure was stopped after crystal violet was added to the smear?

100
Q

__________ stain : Malachite green (stains endospores)

101
Q

Primary stain : Malachite green (stains __________ )

A

endospores

102
Q

__________ stain : Safranin (stains the vegetative cells)

103
Q

Secondary stain : Safranin (stains __________)

A

the vegetative cells

104
Q

What is the name of the primary stain and the counter-stain in the endospore staining technique?

A

Primary stain - Malachite Green

Secondary stain - Safranin

105
Q

What color would the vegetative cell be if safranin was not added to the smear?

106
Q

-Acid-Fast Stain-

Primary stain : __________

A

Carbol fuchsin

107
Q

-Acid-Fast Stain-

Decolorizing agent : __________

A

Acid alcohol

108
Q

-Acid-Fast Stain-

Secondary stain : __________

A

Methylene blue

109
Q

__________ has wax in its cell wall, and is Acid-Fast (+) –> fuchsia

A

Mycobacterium

110
Q

Mycobacterium has wax in its cell wall, and is Acid-Fast (+) –> __________

111
Q

All other __________ in class are Acid-fast (-) –> blue

112
Q

All other bacteria in class are Acid-fast (-) –> __________

113
Q

2 diseases that are caused by acid-fast bacilli:

A
  • TB

- Leprosy

114
Q

Why will E. coli not stain fuchsia (red/purple) after being acid-fast stained?

A

Because it has no wax in its cell wall

115
Q

What color would a species of Mycobacterium be stained if acid-alcohol was used for too long a time period?

116
Q

Why was it difficult to smear the Mycobacterium smegmatis culture when making a heat-fixed smear?

A

The wax makes it sticky

117
Q

-Negative Stain for Capsules-

Capsules protect bacteria from?

A

Phagocytosis

118
Q

-Negative Stain for Capsules-

What dye is used in the staining technique to see capsules?

119
Q

-Negative Stain for Capsules-

Why was the slide not heat-fixed?

A

Heat destroys capsules

120
Q

-Negative Stain for Capsules-

Why is the capsule/negative stain a type of simple stain?

A

only one dye is used

121
Q

-Negative Stain for Capsules-

How does a capsule increase bacterial virulence?

A

Protects the bacteria from Phagocytosis

122
Q

-Negative Stain for Capsules-

Why would capsules not be observed if Klebsiella pneumoniae is Gram stained?

A

because you have to heat fix to gram stain and heat destroys capsules

123
Q

What is the main function of metachromatic granules?

A

to store phosphate

124
Q

What bacterium has metachromatic granules?

A

Corynebacterium

125
Q

Why is the metachromatic granule stain a type of simple stain?

A

Only one dye is used

126
Q

What is the function of flagella?

A

Move the bacteria

127
Q

What is meant by the term motile?

128
Q

What is meant by the term nonmotile?

A

Can not move

129
Q

__________ is a motile organism

130
Q

__________ is a nonmotile organism

A

Micrococcus

131
Q

What is the advantage of doing a wet mount?

A

It’s fast

132
Q

What is the disadvantage of doing a wet mount?

A

Not recommended for pathogens

133
Q

What is the advantage of using the culture method?

A

Recommended for pathogens

134
Q

What is the disadvantage of using the culture method?

A

24 hours to see results

135
Q

-Wet mount in iodine-

__________ is reproduction in yeast

136
Q

What procedure was done to observe budding, and a nucleus?

A

Wet Mount in Iodine

Microbiology 156 (17 decks)

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