Disease: Typhoid Fever Signs & Symptoms: - headache, chills, fever, lethargy, generalized aches and pains, some _________ pain - _________ rather than diarrhea - rose spots (_________)

- abdominal - constipation - rash

Disease: Typhoid Fever Treatment: - _________ - Without treatment _________ fever may last for weeks or months with a _________ rate

- antibiotics - high - mortality

Final Exam - Notes: pages 20- Flashcards by Ryan Clark

Disease: _________

Etiology: Salmonella typhi

Typhoid Fever

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Etiology: _________

Salmonella typhi

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Reservoir: _________

Human (Enteric)

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Reservoir: Human (Enteric)

_________
_________

sick

- carriers

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Mode of Transmission:

_________
_________

foodborne

- waterborne

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Signs &amp; Symptoms:
headache, chills, fever,
-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, generalized aches and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, some abdominal pain
-constipation rather than diarrhea
-rose spots (rash)

lethargy

- pains

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Signs & Symptoms:

headache, chills, fever, lethargy, generalized aches and pains, some _________ pain
_________ rather than diarrhea
rose spots (_________)

abdominal
constipation
rash

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Treatment:

_________
Without treatment _________ fever may last for weeks or months with a _________ rate

antibiotics
high
mortality

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

cholecystectomy (removal of _________) may be required for chronic _________ and has a 85% cure rate

gal bladder

- carriers

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Prevention:

“Boil it, _________ it, peel it, or _________ it” (follow endemic precautions)
_________

cook
forget
Vaccination

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

_________ diagnosis requires having stool and/or blood tested for _________ typhi

Positive

- Salmonella

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Disease: Typhoid Fever

Legally a _________ can prevent a person diagnosed with typhoid from returning to work until that person’s stool sample tests _________ for Salmonella typhi

physician

- negative

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Disease: _________

Etiology: Staphylococcus aureus - Staph epidermis (normal flora)

Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis

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Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis

Etiology: Staphylococcus _________ - Staph epidermis (normal flora)

aureus

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Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis

Etiology: Staphylococcus aureus - Staph _________ (normal flora)

epidermis

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Reservoir:

Human

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-Disease: _________ -

Reservoir: Human
-Naturally found in the nose

Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Mode of Transmission: _________

Foodborne

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Mode of Transmission: Foodborne : gets into the food, by _________ , and/or contact with the food by _________

sneezing

- carriers

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Mode of Transmission: Foodborne
Implicated foods are hams, cream pies, _________, and mayonnaise based salads
Food in _________

custards

- buffets

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Mode of Transmission: Foodborne
_________ can not inactive it

Heat

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Signs & Symptoms:
_________, Vomiting, _________

Nausea

- Diarrhea

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Treatment: _________

Fluids

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis-

Prevention:
Staphylococcus aureus is a _________, so the food should be _________ to prevent an infectious dose of toxin from being produced

mesophile

- refrigerated

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-Disease: Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis- Prevention: Keep food at the correct _________

temperature

_________ : Proteinaecous Infectious Particle

Prion

Prion: _________ Infectious _________

- Proteinaecous | - Particle

-Prion- -Called the _________ protein which is found in the brain of all _________ When this protein takes an _________ shape it’s called a prion

- PrP - animals - abnormal

- Prion- - Very long _________ period: 2-20 years - _________ is damaged without fever or _________

- incubation - CNS - inflammation

- Prion- - Brain becomes _________ - Prions resist inactivation by _________ - Resist inactivation by _________

- Spongiform - radiation - formaldehyde

- Prion- - Resist inactivation by _________ and incineration - not destroyed by _________ (destroy protein) - not destroyed by _________ (destroy DNA and RNA)

- autoclaving - proteases - nucleases

- Prion- - smaller than the smallest _________ (so they can pass through filters that have pore sizes small enough to keep out viruses - no _________ for Prion diseases - 100% _________ - no _________ is available

- virus - treatment - mortality - vaccine

-Prion- Its legal to grind up _________ and put them in the feed of _________ and vice versa

- cows | - chickens

-Prion- Cattle _________ is fed to calfs

blood

-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy’s- _________ : Prion diseases in sheep, people have innate _________ to Scrapie

- Sheep scrapie | - immunity

-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy’s- _________ : Laughing Death: transmitted by _________

- Kuru | - cannibalism

-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy’s- _________ spongiform encephalopathy: Mad Cow Disease

Bovine

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (_________ ): _________ , highest incidence in _________ people

- CJD - genetic - older

_________ CJD: the disease appears even though the person has no known risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most common type of CJD

Sporadic

Sporadic CJD: the disease appears even though the person has _________ risk factors for the disease. This is by far the most _________ type of CJD

- no known | - common

_________ CJD: the person has a family history of the disease and/or tests positive for a genetic mutation associated with CJD.

Hereditary

Hereditary CJD: the person has a _________ history of the disease and/or tests positive for a _________ mutation associated with CJD.

- family | - genetic

_________ CJD: the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD in this way.

Iatrogenic

Iatrogenic CJD: the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or _________ system tissue, usually through certain _________ procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is contagious through casual contact with a CJD patient. Fewer than 1 percent of cases have been acquired CJD in this way.

- nervous | - medical

Iatrogenic CJD: the disease is transmitted by exposure to brain or nervous system tissue, usually through certain medical procedures. There is no evidence that CJD is _________ through casual contact with a CJD patient. Fewer than 1 percent of cases have been _________ CJD in this way.

- contagious | - acquired

Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (_________): acquired for the consumption of contaminated _________

- vCJD | - beef

_________ Disease: prion disease in deer and elk (don’t know how it started or why its spreading)

Chronic Wasting

Chronic Wasting Disease: prion disease in _________ and elk (don’t know how it started or why its _________)

- deer | - spreading

-Ionizing Radiation- This disease is endemic in the Four Corners region of _________. _________ are common carriers Effects of Radiation on Bacterial Growth

- America | - Prairie dogs

Ionizing Radiation: affects _________ DNA

bacterial

_________ : affects bacterial DNA

Ionizing Radiation

-Ionizing Radiation- _________ : penetrate deeply, but require hours to sterilize large masses

Gamma rays

-Ionizing Radiation- _________ : lower penetrating power, but usually require only a few seconds of exposure to sterilize

High energy electron beams

High energy electron beams: _________ penetrating power, but usually require only a few _________ of exposure to sterilize

- lower | - seconds

Gamma rays: penetrate deeply, but require _________ to sterilize large masses

hours

-Ionizing Radiation- Uses Include: _________ pasteurization of chicken, ground beef, and vegetables

Electronic (cold)

-Ionizing Radiation- Uses Include: Electronic (cold) pasteurization of _________ , ground beef, and _________

- chicken | - vegetables

Electronic pasteurization means _________ of food. | Electronic pasteurization is not _________

- irradiation | - sterilization

-Electronic (cold) pasteurization- The product is only exposed to enough radiation to destroy _________. _________ will still survive, so the food will still _________

- pathogens - Non-pathogens - spoil

-Electronic (cold) pasteurization- _________ : Salmonella and Campylobacter _________ : E. coli 0157:H7

- Chicken | - Ground beef

-Electronic (cold) pasteurization- Spinach, _________: E. coli 0157:H7 _________ : Insects _________ : Trichinella spiralis (helminth [worm] infection)

- lettuce - Fruit - Pork

-Electronic (cold) pasteurization- Sterilization of _________, and disposable dental and medical supplies such as plastic _________, surgical gloves, suturing material, and _________

- pharmaceuticals - syringes - catheters

-Electronic (cold) pasteurization- Sterilize certain classes of _________

mail

_________ : Ultra Violet light

Nonionizing Radiation

-Nonionizing Radiation- - Damages _________ - Does not _________

- DNA | - sterilize

-Nonionizing Radiation- Uses include: -reducing the _________ load in hospital rooms, nurseries, _________ rooms, and cafeterias

- microbial | - operating

-Nonionizing Radiation- Uses include: - disinfect _________ - disinfect water - disinfect _________ in lab

- vaccines | - goggles