Lecture Chapter 1

Question 1

adaptation

Answer 1

a trait that improves the survival and or fitness of organisms that express a trait compared to alternative traits and especially to the ancestral condition in the population from which the adaptation evolved. natural selection is the only mechanism known to cause the evolution of adaptations

Question 2

afferent

Answer 2

moving towards a particular structure often the CNS could be action potential or blood flow

Question 3

amino acid

Answer 3

molecule or monomer of a protein, consist of one or more chains of amino acids, the sequence of the amino acid chain causes the protein to fold into a shape that is physiologically active. the amino acid sequence of proteins are encoded in the genes

Question 4

bipedalism

Answer 4

walking upright with two feet (humans birds and apes walk bipedally) (humans birds cockroaches lizards run bipedally)

Question 5

desiccation

Answer 5

the state or process of extreme drying due to the removal of water from the environment or organism

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

carries genetic instructions, consists of two strands that wind around eachother to make a double helix

Question 7

effector

Answer 7

cells, tissue, orgains carrying out the changes necessary the CNS to maintain homeostasis (glands and muscle)

Question 8

efferent

Answer 8

moving away from a region often the CNS

Question 9

etiology

Answer 9

the cause or root of a disease

Question 10

evolution

Answer 10

descent with modification , evolution explain how all life on earth shares a common ancestor

Question 11

feedback

Answer 11

flow of info along a closed loop could be neg or pos, involves regulated variable, a sensor, the CNS/hypothalms, an effector

Question 12

feedforward

Answer 12

open loop, predicts change and acts before it happens

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

collection of genes, DNA

Question 14

phenotype

Answer 14

expression of the genotype contributes to individuals observable traits