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Human Body Lab > Chapter 12: Head and Neck > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory tract

A

a series of tubes through which air moves

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2
Q

nose

A

visible structure of the respiratory tract

has skin, hyaline cartilage, bone, and a mucosa

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3
Q

nares

A

commonly called nostrils

lead to the nasal cavity

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4
Q

nasal cavity

A

space inside the nose as well as the nasal cavity of the skull
divided into right an left parts by the nasal septum

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5
Q

nasal septum

A

has hyaline cartilage, bone, and a mucosa

divides the right and left halves of the nasal cavity

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6
Q

what is the nasal cavity lined with?

A
  • the skin covering the nose extends through the nares and lines the first part of the nasal cavity
  • olfactory mucosa (lines the roof of the nasal cavity)
  • respiratory mucosa (lines the rest of the nasal cavity)
  • respiratory mucosa consists of pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium( goblet cells are found here) and a layer of areolar connective tissue which is highly vascular
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7
Q

pharynx

A

tube

  • extends from nasal cavity to larynx and esophagus
  • divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
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8
Q

two layers of respiratory mucosa

A
  • pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium (where goblet cells are found)
  • areolar connective tissue (highly vascular)
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9
Q

what lining is the nasopharynx?

A

respiratory mucosa
- which consists for pseudo stratified ciliated epithelium (where goblet cells are found) and areolar connective tissue (highly vascular)

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10
Q

what is the mucosal lining of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx ? why?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

- it needs better protection than the nasal cavity because food and hot drinks etc go through there

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11
Q

larynx

A

voice box composed of several cartilages

-houses vocal folds (involved in speech)

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12
Q

vocal folds are involved with what?

A

speech

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13
Q

what is the mucosal lining of the larynx?

A
  • the beginning of larynx is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium (same as the laryngopharynx)
  • inferior to that is pseudostratified ciliated epithelium (has goblet cells)
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14
Q

trachea

A

composed of mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, and adventitia

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15
Q

what is the mucosal lining next to the lumen in the trachea?

A

pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

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16
Q

submucosa is composed of

A

connective tissue

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17
Q

c shaped cartilages are composed of

A

hyaline cartilage connective tissue

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18
Q

what are the posterior ends of the c shaped cartilages connected by

A

smooth muscle tissue and connective tissue

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19
Q

what is the connective tissue of the adventitia

A

dense connective tissue

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20
Q

the digestive system is composed of what

A

the digestive tract and accessory organs

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21
Q

digestive tract

A

a tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

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22
Q

oral cavity and what mucosa is it lined by

A

commonly called the mouth non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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23
Q

palate

A

roof of the oral cavity and separates the nasal and oral cavities

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24
Q

esophagus

A

has four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia

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25
Q

the mucosa has three layers what ate they in order from closest to the lumen

A

an epithelium- nonkeratinized stratified squamous

  • lamina propria - areolar connective tissue (has many blood and lymph capillaries)
  • muscularis mucosa - smooth muscle tissue
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26
Q

adventitia is made of

A

dense connective tissue

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27
Q

accessory organs in the head and neck region

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands`

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28
Q

function of teeth

A

tear and grind food physically breaking it down into smaller fragments

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29
Q

function of the tongue

A

occupies the floor of the oral cavity

-mastication, deglutition (swallowing), and speech

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30
Q

muscles of the tongue

A 
intrinsic muscles (change tongues shape )
extrinsic muscle (change its positions)
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31
Q

what are the salivary glands composed of?

A

glandular epithelial tissue

also have connective tissue and a blood and nerve supply

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32
Q

function of saliva

A

dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted and contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of food

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33
Q

deglutination

A

the passage of food from the oral cavity to the stomach that involves the coordinated activity of over 20 muscles

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34
Q

thyroid gland produces what hormones

A

thyroid hormone and calcitonin

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35
Q

the thyroid gland is composed of

A

hollow spherical follicles

36
Q

the walls of a follicle are composed of

A

epithelial cells called follicular cells

37
Q

thyroid hormone is derived from what

A

the iodinated glycoprotein

38
Q

cells found between the follicles of the thyroid gland are called what

A

epithelial cells called parafollicular cells

39
Q

parafollicular cells produce a hormone called

A

calcitonin

-it is secreated in response to a rise in blood calcium levels but it has no know physiological role in humans

40
Q

the common carotid artery branches into what

A
  • the external carotid aretery (supply most structures of head except brain and orbits)
  • internal carotid artery (supply the orbits and 80% of the cerebrum)
41
Q

what do the vertebral arteries travel through and what do they supply

A

the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae

-they supply the cervical vertebrae, cervical part of spinal cord, some neck muscles

42
Q

what does the basilar artery supply?

A

cerebellum, pons, inner ear, and parts of the cerebrum

43
Q

what does the optic chiasm unite?

A

the anterior and posterior blood supplies, providing other routes by which blood can reach areas of the brain if a carotid or vertebral artery is blocked

44
Q

veins of the scalp and face drain into what

A

the paired external jugular veins

45
Q

veins draining the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord and certain neck muscles empty into the …

A

paired vertebral veins

46
Q

the veins draining the brain empty into what

A

the duralvenous sinuses which then empty into the paired internal jugular veins

47
Q

the internal jugular veins leave the skull via the what?

A

jugular foramina

48
Q

the internal carotid artery supplies what

A

the orbits and 80% of the cerebrum

49
Q

the _______ pass through the jugular foramina

A

internal jugular veins

50
Q

cric

A

ring or circle

51
Q

parot

A

beside the ear

52
Q

uv

A

a grape

53
Q

thyro

A

shield-shaped

54
Q

function: air passageway
description: projection from the face

A

nose

55
Q

function: air passageway
description: paired, commonly called nostrils

A

nares

56
Q

function: filters, moistens and usually warms air
description: space posterior to nares

A

nasal cavity

57
Q

nasal septum

A

wall that divides the nasal cavity into right and left parts

58
Q

function: prevents food and fluid from moving from the oral cavity into the nasal cavity
description: between the nasal and oral cavities

A

hard palate

59
Q

function: prevents food and fluid from getting in the oral and nasal cavities and moves during deglutition preventing food and fluids from moving into nasopharynx
description: between nasal and oral cavities

A

soft palate

60
Q

uvula

A

projection from the soft palate (the dangly ball in throat)

61
Q

function: passageway for air, food, and fluids
description: tube extending from the nasal cavity to the esophagus

A

pharynx

62
Q

function: air passageway, muscle attachment, and phonation
description: tube extending between the pharynx and trachea (composed of 9 pieces of cartilage)

A

larynx

63
Q

function: keeps airway open, muscle attachment
description: largest laryngeal cartilage, composed of hyaline cartilage CT, commonly called adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage

64
Q

function: keeps airway open, muscle attachment
description: inferior laryngeal cartilage, composed of hyaline cartilage CT

A

cricoid cartilage

65
Q

function: prevents food and fluids from entering the larynx
description: leaf-shaped laryngeal cartilage, composed of elastic cartilage CT

A

epiglottis

66
Q

function: help to close the glottis
description: superior pair of soft tissue folds

A

vestibular folds

67
Q

function: phonation
description: inferior pair of soft tissue folds

A

vocal folds

68
Q

function: air passageway
description: opening (space) between the vocal folds

A

glottis

69
Q

function: air passageway
description: a tube extending inferiorly from larynx

A

trachea

70
Q

function: passageway for food and fluids; alternate passageway for air
description: commonly called the mouth, bounded by the lips, cheeks, palate, and tongue

A

oral cavity

71
Q

function: obtain food and retain it in the oral cavity
description: they have a core of skeletal muscle tissue that is covered by skin externally and a mucosa interanally

A

lips

72
Q

function: retain food in oral cavity
description: two walls composed of skeletal muscle tissue and fat and covered by skin externally and a mucosa internally

A

cheeks

73
Q

function: involved in taste, deglutition, speech, and mastication
description: found in the oral cavity and pharynx; composed of skeletal muscle tissue covered by mucosa

A

tongue

74
Q

function: tear and grind food into smaller pieces
description: hard structures embedded in the maxillae and the mandible

A

teeth

75
Q

function: passageway for food and fluids
description: a tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

76
Q

function: secrete saliva
description: located anterior to the external ear

A

parotid glands

77
Q

function: secretes thyroid hormones and calcitonin
description: butterfly -shaped is inferior to the larynx

A

thyroid gland

78
Q

function: passageway for saliva
description: tubes extending from a parotid gland to the oral cavity

A

parotid duct

79
Q

function: secrete saliva
description: located inferior to the mandible

A

submandibular gland

80
Q

function: supply the head and neck
description: located in the inferior part of the neck

A

common carotid artery

81
Q

function: supply most areas of the head except the brain and orbits
description: branches of the common carotid usually medially

A

external carotid artery

82
Q

function: supply 80% of the cerebrum and the orbits
description: branches of the common carotid: usually lateral

A

internal carotid artery

83
Q

function: supply the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, neck muscles, hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon, inner ear, and cerebrum
description: visible inside the skull in the foramen magnum

A

vertebral artery

84
Q

function: drain the scalp and face
description: superficial to the sternocleidomastoid

A

external jugular vein

85
Q

function: drain the brain, neck, scalp, and face
description: lateral to the carotid artery

A

internal jugular vein

86
Q

function: sensory input about gustation; motor output involved in swallowing
description: cranial nerve X; posterior to the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

A

vagus nerve

87
Q

function: innervates the diaphragm
description: posterior to the internal jugular vein

A

phrenic nerve

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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