chapter 22: abdominopelvic cavity and perineum Flashcards
some urinary and reproductive structrues are found in the ___
perineum
blood is filtered and urine is produced in the ____
kidneys
once produced, urine travels throught tubes called ____ to a temporary storage site, the _____, and then through a tube called the _____, to the external environment
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
urinary bladder
temporary storage site for urine
both male and female reproductive systems have _____, _______, and _____
internal genitalia, external genitalia, and accessory organs
internal genitalia
gonads and a duct system
gonads
produce gametes
duct system
provides passageways that gametes travel throught and in females a passageway through which a fetus travels
external genitalia
visible portions of the reproductive system
accessory organs
produce secretions that aid in the reproductive process
each adrenal gland is really two glands called
the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
secretes several hormones which are put into one of two groups the mineralcorticoid and the glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
regulate electrolyte concentrations in ECF, particularly sodium and potassium ions
the main mineralocorticoid is
aldosterone
glucocorticoids
influence energy metabolism by cells and help us resist stressors
the major glucocorticoid is
cortisol
adrenal medulla
secretes hormones that produce the fight or flight response
adrenal medulla hormones are
epinephrine (commonly called adrenaline) and norepinephrine
another name or epinephrine
adrenaline
which system is the spleen a part of?
lymphatic system
spleen
- plays a role in immunity
- extracts old and defective formed elements from blood
- salvages and stores some products released during RBC breakdown (like iron) so they can be reused
- stores platelets and monocytes for release into the blood when needed
usual pattern of blood flow
heart series of arteries capillary network series of veins back to heart
blood flow pattern in portal system
heart series of arteries capillary network series of portal vessels capillary network series of veins back to heart
what do portal systems allow?
they allow blood to go directly from one area of the body to another
hepatic portal system
allows nutrient rich blood to flow from the digestive organs directly to the liver
both the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus close down, becoming the _________ and ___________.
ligamentum teres and the ligamentum venosum
the vagus nerve innervates what
- liver
- gallbladder
- kidneys
- stomach
- pancreas
- small intestine
- proximal half of the large intestine
the second, third, and fourth sacral nerves innervate what?
- distal half of the large intestine
- urinary bladder
- ureters
- internal and external genitalia
nerves from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord innervate what?
- liver
- gallbladder
- stomach
- spleen
- adrenal medulla
- kidney
- small intestine
- large intestine
what is the location of the celiac trunk?
the abdomen
renal arteries supply the _____ with blood
kidneys
the renal medulla has ____.
renal pyramids
the tip of each renal pyramid is called a _____.
renal papilla
extensions of cortical tissue found between the renal pyramids is ______.
renal columns
minor calyx
passageway that encloses each renal papilla
urine is produced by structures in the _____ and ____.
cortex and medulla
urine leaves a papilla and goes into a ____.
minor calyx
minor clyces open into a ______.
major calyx
major calyces open in the the _______ which is funnel shped.
renal pelvis
urine travels from the renal pelvis into a _____.
ureter
a tube that takes urin to the urinary bladder
ureter
nephrons
functional units of a kidney that filter blood and produce urine
each kidney has over ______ nephrons which are functional units of a kidney
on million
each nephron has a _______ and ______.
renal corpuscle and renal tube
renal corpuscle consists of a _____ ( a tuft of capillaries) and a ________.
glomerulus and glomerular capsule
extending from the glomular capsule is the ______ which is composed of a _________, ________, and ________.
renal tubule which is composed of a proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and a distal convoluted tubule
the distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into a ______.
collecting duct
renal corpuscles are located in the ______.
renal cortex
renal tubules begin in the _____, move to the medulla, then return to the _____.
cortex, move to the medulla, then return to the cortex
collecting ducts are found in the ____ and the _____
cortex and the medulla
the parts of collectin ducts in a renal pyramid fuse together as they near the papilla and empty into a ______.
minor calyx
as blood flows through the glomerulus it is filtered and the resulting fluid is called ______.
filtrate
filtrate moves from the glomerular capsule throught the renal tubule into a ____
collecting duct
the composition of filtrate changes as it flows throught the_____ and _____.
renal tubule and collecting duct
the fluid that leave a collecting duct and enters a minor calyx is _____.
urine
the terms proximal and distal describe the location of convoluted tubules in reference to the ________.
renal corpuscle
predict the basic tissue that composes the glomerular capsule, convoluted tubules, nephron loops, and collecting ducts
epithelium
one function of ovaries is to produce _____.
female gametes or ova
ova develop in structures called _________.
ovarian follicles
an ovary contains _____ of follicles.
thousands
a primary follicle contains a ________ surrounded by one layer of _______.
primary oocyte surrounded by one layer of granulosa cells
granulosa cells
support and nourish the oocyte and secrete estrogens and progesterone
when a primary follicle is stimulated to mature, the granulosa cells proliferate and the oocyte ____
enlarges
as maturation continues a _____ develops within the follicle and eventually a _____ is formed
a space develops and eventually a vesicular follicle is formed
the oocyte becomes a _______ when the space is developed and a vesicular follicle was formed.
secondary oocyte
during ______, the follicle ruptures and the oocyte is expelled
ovulation
the granulosa cells of the ruptured follicle enlarge forming a ______ which secretes estrogens and progesterone
corpus luteum
the corpus Add to dictionary secretes what
estrogen and progesterone
if pregnancy occurs the corpus luteum will persist for around ___ months and then it will degenerate
3 months
if pregnancy does not occur it beings to degenerate in about ____ days.
10 days
the adrenal cortex is composed of _____ while the adrenal medulla is composed of _____
adrenal cortex = epithelial tissue
adrenal medulla = nervous tissue
give the components of a renal corpuscle
glomerulus and glomular capsule
renal corpuscles are located in the renal ____.
cortex
______ cells surround the oocyte of a primary follicle.
granulosa
what stage of follicle is ready to ovulate?
vesicular
