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Human Body Lab > chapter 22: abdominopelvic cavity and perineum > Flashcards

chapter 22: abdominopelvic cavity and perineum Flashcards

1
Q

some urinary and reproductive structrues are found in the ___

A

perineum

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2
Q

blood is filtered and urine is produced in the ____

A

kidneys

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3
Q

once produced, urine travels throught tubes called ____ to a temporary storage site, the _____, and then through a tube called the _____, to the external environment

A

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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4
Q

urinary bladder

A

temporary storage site for urine

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5
Q

both male and female reproductive systems have _____, _______, and _____

A

internal genitalia, external genitalia, and accessory organs

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6
Q

internal genitalia

A

gonads and a duct system

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7
Q

gonads

A

produce gametes

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8
Q

duct system

A

provides passageways that gametes travel throught and in females a passageway through which a fetus travels

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9
Q

external genitalia

A

visible portions of the reproductive system

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10
Q

accessory organs

A

produce secretions that aid in the reproductive process

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11
Q

each adrenal gland is really two glands called

A

the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla

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12
Q

adrenal cortex

A

secretes several hormones which are put into one of two groups the mineralcorticoid and the glucocorticoids

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13
Q

mineralcorticoids

A

regulate electrolyte concentrations in ECF, particularly sodium and potassium ions

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14
Q

the main mineralocorticoid is

A

aldosterone

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15
Q

glucocorticoids

A

influence energy metabolism by cells and help us resist stressors

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16
Q

the major glucocorticoid is

A

cortisol

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17
Q

adrenal medulla

A

secretes hormones that produce the fight or flight response

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18
Q

adrenal medulla hormones are

A

epinephrine (commonly called adrenaline) and norepinephrine

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19
Q

another name or epinephrine

A

adrenaline

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20
Q

which system is the spleen a part of?

A

lymphatic system

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21
Q

spleen

A
  • plays a role in immunity
  • extracts old and defective formed elements from blood
  • salvages and stores some products released during RBC breakdown (like iron) so they can be reused
  • stores platelets and monocytes for release into the blood when needed
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22
Q

usual pattern of blood flow

A 
heart 
series of arteries
capillary network
series of veins
back to heart
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23
Q

blood flow pattern in portal system

A 
heart
series of arteries
capillary network
series of portal vessels
capillary network
series of veins
back to heart
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24
Q

what do portal systems allow?

A

they allow blood to go directly from one area of the body to another

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25
Q

hepatic portal system

A

allows nutrient rich blood to flow from the digestive organs directly to the liver

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26
Q

both the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus close down, becoming the _________ and ___________.

A

ligamentum teres and the ligamentum venosum

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27
Q

the vagus nerve innervates what

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • kidneys
  • stomach
  • pancreas
  • small intestine
  • proximal half of the large intestine
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28
Q

the second, third, and fourth sacral nerves innervate what?

A
  • distal half of the large intestine
  • urinary bladder
  • ureters
  • internal and external genitalia
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29
Q

nerves from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord innervate what?

A
  • liver
  • gallbladder
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • adrenal medulla
  • kidney
  • small intestine
  • large intestine
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30
Q

what is the location of the celiac trunk?

A

the abdomen

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31
Q

renal arteries supply the _____ with blood

A

kidneys

32
Q

the renal medulla has ____.

A

renal pyramids

33
Q

the tip of each renal pyramid is called a _____.

A

renal papilla

34
Q

extensions of cortical tissue found between the renal pyramids is ______.

A

renal columns

35
Q

minor calyx

A

passageway that encloses each renal papilla

36
Q

urine is produced by structures in the _____ and ____.

A

cortex and medulla

37
Q

urine leaves a papilla and goes into a ____.

A

minor calyx

38
Q

minor clyces open into a ______.

A

major calyx

39
Q

major calyces open in the the _______ which is funnel shped.

A

renal pelvis

40
Q

urine travels from the renal pelvis into a _____.

A

ureter

41
Q

a tube that takes urin to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

42
Q

nephrons

A

functional units of a kidney that filter blood and produce urine

43
Q

each kidney has over ______ nephrons which are functional units of a kidney

A

on million

44
Q

each nephron has a _______ and ______.

A

renal corpuscle and renal tube

45
Q

renal corpuscle consists of a _____ ( a tuft of capillaries) and a ________.

A

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

46
Q

extending from the glomular capsule is the ______ which is composed of a _________, ________, and ________.

A

renal tubule which is composed of a proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and a distal convoluted tubule

47
Q

the distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into a ______.

A

collecting duct

48
Q

renal corpuscles are located in the ______.

A

renal cortex

49
Q

renal tubules begin in the _____, move to the medulla, then return to the _____.

A

cortex, move to the medulla, then return to the cortex

50
Q

collecting ducts are found in the ____ and the _____

A

cortex and the medulla

51
Q

the parts of collectin ducts in a renal pyramid fuse together as they near the papilla and empty into a ______.

A

minor calyx

52
Q

as blood flows through the glomerulus it is filtered and the resulting fluid is called ______.

A

filtrate

53
Q

filtrate moves from the glomerular capsule throught the renal tubule into a ____

A

collecting duct

54
Q

the composition of filtrate changes as it flows throught the_____ and _____.

A

renal tubule and collecting duct

55
Q

the fluid that leave a collecting duct and enters a minor calyx is _____.

A

urine

56
Q

the terms proximal and distal describe the location of convoluted tubules in reference to the ________.

A

renal corpuscle

57
Q

predict the basic tissue that composes the glomerular capsule, convoluted tubules, nephron loops, and collecting ducts

A

epithelium

58
Q

one function of ovaries is to produce _____.

A

female gametes or ova

59
Q

ova develop in structures called _________.

A

ovarian follicles

60
Q

an ovary contains _____ of follicles.

A

thousands

61
Q

a primary follicle contains a ________ surrounded by one layer of _______.

A

primary oocyte surrounded by one layer of granulosa cells

62
Q

granulosa cells

A

support and nourish the oocyte and secrete estrogens and progesterone

63
Q

when a primary follicle is stimulated to mature, the granulosa cells proliferate and the oocyte ____

A

enlarges

64
Q

as maturation continues a _____ develops within the follicle and eventually a _____ is formed

A

a space develops and eventually a vesicular follicle is formed

65
Q

the oocyte becomes a _______ when the space is developed and a vesicular follicle was formed.

A

secondary oocyte

66
Q

during ______, the follicle ruptures and the oocyte is expelled

A

ovulation

67
Q

the granulosa cells of the ruptured follicle enlarge forming a ______ which secretes estrogens and progesterone

A

corpus luteum

68
Q

the corpus Add to dictionary secretes what

A

estrogen and progesterone

69
Q

if pregnancy occurs the corpus luteum will persist for around ___ months and then it will degenerate

A

3 months

70
Q

if pregnancy does not occur it beings to degenerate in about ____ days.

A

10 days

71
Q

the adrenal cortex is composed of _____ while the adrenal medulla is composed of _____

A

adrenal cortex = epithelial tissue

adrenal medulla = nervous tissue

72
Q

give the components of a renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus and glomular capsule

73
Q

renal corpuscles are located in the renal ____.

A

cortex

74
Q

______ cells surround the oocyte of a primary follicle.

A

granulosa

75
Q

what stage of follicle is ready to ovulate?

A

vesicular

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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