chapter 22: abdominopelvic cavity and perineum

Question 1

some urinary and reproductive structrues are found in the ___

Answer 1

perineum

Question 2

blood is filtered and urine is produced in the ____

Answer 2

kidneys

Question 3

once produced, urine travels throught tubes called ____ to a temporary storage site, the _____, and then through a tube called the _____, to the external environment

Answer 3

ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 4

urinary bladder

Answer 4

temporary storage site for urine

Question 5

both male and female reproductive systems have _____, _______, and _____

Answer 5

internal genitalia, external genitalia, and accessory organs

Question 6

internal genitalia

Answer 6

gonads and a duct system

Question 7

gonads

Answer 7

produce gametes

Question 8

duct system

Answer 8

provides passageways that gametes travel throught and in females a passageway through which a fetus travels

Question 9

external genitalia

Answer 9

visible portions of the reproductive system

Question 10

accessory organs

Answer 10

produce secretions that aid in the reproductive process

Question 11

each adrenal gland is really two glands called

Answer 11

the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla

Question 12

adrenal cortex

Answer 12

secretes several hormones which are put into one of two groups the mineralcorticoid and the glucocorticoids

Question 13

mineralcorticoids

Answer 13

regulate electrolyte concentrations in ECF, particularly sodium and potassium ions

Question 14

the main mineralocorticoid is

Answer 14

aldosterone

Question 15

glucocorticoids

Answer 15

influence energy metabolism by cells and help us resist stressors

Question 16

the major glucocorticoid is

Answer 16

cortisol

Question 17

adrenal medulla

Answer 17

secretes hormones that produce the fight or flight response

Question 18

adrenal medulla hormones are

Answer 18

epinephrine (commonly called adrenaline) and norepinephrine

Question 19

another name or epinephrine

Answer 19

adrenaline

Question 20

which system is the spleen a part of?

Answer 20

lymphatic system

Question 21

spleen

Answer 21

• plays a role in immunity
• extracts old and defective formed elements from blood
• salvages and stores some products released during RBC breakdown (like iron) so they can be reused
• stores platelets and monocytes for release into the blood when needed

Question 22

usual pattern of blood flow

Answer 22

heart 
series of arteries
capillary network
series of veins
back to heart

Question 23

blood flow pattern in portal system

Answer 23

heart
series of arteries
capillary network
series of portal vessels
capillary network
series of veins
back to heart

Question 24

what do portal systems allow?

Answer 24

they allow blood to go directly from one area of the body to another

Question 25

hepatic portal system

Answer 25

allows nutrient rich blood to flow from the digestive organs directly to the liver

Question 26

both the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus close down, becoming the _________ and ___________.

Answer 26

ligamentum teres and the ligamentum venosum

Question 27

the vagus nerve innervates what

Answer 27

- liver - gallbladder - kidneys - stomach - pancreas - small intestine - proximal half of the large intestine

Question 28

the second, third, and fourth sacral nerves innervate what?

Answer 28

- distal half of the large intestine - urinary bladder - ureters - internal and external genitalia

Question 29

nerves from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord innervate what?

Answer 29

- liver - gallbladder - stomach - spleen - adrenal medulla - kidney - small intestine - large intestine

Question 30

what is the location of the celiac trunk?

Answer 30

the abdomen

Question 31

renal arteries supply the _____ with blood

Answer 31

kidneys

Question 32

the renal medulla has ____.

Answer 32

renal pyramids

Question 33

the tip of each renal pyramid is called a _____.

Answer 33

renal papilla

Question 34

extensions of cortical tissue found between the renal pyramids is ______.

Answer 34

renal columns

Question 35

minor calyx

Answer 35

passageway that encloses each renal papilla

Question 36

urine is produced by structures in the _____ and ____.

Answer 36

cortex and medulla

Question 37

urine leaves a papilla and goes into a ____.

Answer 37

minor calyx

Question 38

minor clyces open into a ______.

Answer 38

major calyx

Question 39

major calyces open in the the _______ which is funnel shped.

Answer 39

renal pelvis

Question 40

urine travels from the renal pelvis into a _____.

Answer 40

ureter

Question 41

a tube that takes urin to the urinary bladder

Answer 41

ureter

Question 42

nephrons

Answer 42

functional units of a kidney that filter blood and produce urine

Question 43

each kidney has over ______ nephrons which are functional units of a kidney

Answer 43

on million

Question 44

each nephron has a _______ and ______.

Answer 44

renal corpuscle and renal tube

Question 45

renal corpuscle consists of a _____ ( a tuft of capillaries) and a ________.

Answer 45

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 46

extending from the glomular capsule is the ______ which is composed of a _________, ________, and ________.

Answer 46

renal tubule which is composed of a proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and a distal convoluted tubule

Question 47

the distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into a ______.

Answer 47

collecting duct

Question 48

renal corpuscles are located in the ______.

Answer 48

renal cortex

Question 49

renal tubules begin in the _____, move to the medulla, then return to the _____.

Answer 49

cortex, move to the medulla, then return to the cortex

Question 50

collecting ducts are found in the ____ and the _____

Answer 50

cortex and the medulla

Question 51

the parts of collectin ducts in a renal pyramid fuse together as they near the papilla and empty into a ______.

Answer 51

minor calyx

Question 52

as blood flows through the glomerulus it is filtered and the resulting fluid is called ______.

Answer 52

filtrate

Question 53

filtrate moves from the glomerular capsule throught the renal tubule into a ____

Answer 53

collecting duct

Question 54

the composition of filtrate changes as it flows throught the_____ and _____.

Answer 54

renal tubule and collecting duct

Question 55

the fluid that leave a collecting duct and enters a minor calyx is _____.

Answer 55

urine

Question 56

the terms proximal and distal describe the location of convoluted tubules in reference to the ________.

Answer 56

renal corpuscle

Question 57

predict the basic tissue that composes the glomerular capsule, convoluted tubules, nephron loops, and collecting ducts

Answer 57

epithelium

Question 58

one function of ovaries is to produce _____.

Answer 58

female gametes or ova

Question 59

ova develop in structures called _________.

Answer 59

ovarian follicles

Question 60

an ovary contains _____ of follicles.

Answer 60

thousands

Question 61

a primary follicle contains a ________ surrounded by one layer of _______.

Answer 61

primary oocyte surrounded by one layer of granulosa cells

Question 62

granulosa cells

Answer 62

support and nourish the oocyte and secrete estrogens and progesterone

Question 63

when a primary follicle is stimulated to mature, the granulosa cells proliferate and the oocyte ____

Answer 63

enlarges

Question 64

as maturation continues a _____ develops within the follicle and eventually a _____ is formed

Answer 64

a space develops and eventually a vesicular follicle is formed

Question 65

the oocyte becomes a _______ when the space is developed and a vesicular follicle was formed.

Answer 65

secondary oocyte

Question 66

during ______, the follicle ruptures and the oocyte is expelled

Answer 66

ovulation

Question 67

the granulosa cells of the ruptured follicle enlarge forming a ______ which secretes estrogens and progesterone

Answer 67

corpus luteum

Question 68

the corpus Add to dictionary secretes what

Answer 68

estrogen and progesterone

Question 69

if pregnancy occurs the corpus luteum will persist for around ___ months and then it will degenerate

Answer 69

3 months

Question 70

if pregnancy does not occur it beings to degenerate in about ____ days.

Answer 70

10 days

Question 71

the adrenal cortex is composed of _____ while the adrenal medulla is composed of _____

Answer 71

adrenal cortex = epithelial tissue | adrenal medulla = nervous tissue

Question 72

give the components of a renal corpuscle

Answer 72

glomerulus and glomular capsule

Question 73

renal corpuscles are located in the renal ____.

Answer 73

cortex

Question 74

______ cells surround the oocyte of a primary follicle.

Answer 74

granulosa

Question 75

what stage of follicle is ready to ovulate?

Answer 75

vesicular