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Human Body Lab > Chapter 15: Thoracic Cavity > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Thoracic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what does the heart do

A

a pump that provides the force needed to move blood

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2
Q

vessels

A

the routes along which blood moves from one area of the body to another

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3
Q

capillaries

A

provide the surfaces across which exchange between plasma and Interstitial fluid occurs

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4
Q

heart is made of

A

cardiac muscle tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue and it has nerves and vessels (blood and lymphatic)

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5
Q

muscle tissue has

A

striated cells and many of the cells branch

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6
Q

the heart is lined by a membrane composed of …

A

endothelium and connective tissue

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7
Q

the outside layer of the heart is the …

A

visceral pericardium

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8
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

sac like structure that surrounds the heart

-composed of dense connective tissue

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9
Q

serous pericardium

A
  • two parts

- parietal and visceral

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10
Q

parietal pericardium

A

-lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

visceral pericardium

A

covers the heart itself (on the viscera)

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12
Q

pericardial fluid

A

fills the pericardial cavity

- reduces friction

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13
Q

blood travels away from the chambers in ___.

A

arteries

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14
Q

blood traveled toward the chambers via ___

A

veins

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15
Q

the arteries of the pulmonary circuit take blood to the

A

lungs

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16
Q

blood is pumped by the left ventricle into the _____ circuit.

A

systemic circuit

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17
Q

the arteries of the systemic circuit take blood to _____

A

all parts of the body

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18
Q

as blood flows through pulmonary capillaries it picks up ____ and loses ____.

A

oxygen ; carbon dioxide

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19
Q

as blood flows through the systemic capillaries, substances are exchanged between it and the IF. what are the substances?

A

oxygen , carbon dioxide, nutrients, cellular waste products

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20
Q

the largest veins of the systemic circuit empty blood into the ______.

A

right atrium

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21
Q

the pericardial cavity is located between the

A

visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium

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22
Q

fetal blood flows to and from the placenta via ___.

A

umbilical vessels

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23
Q

the placenta has both _____ and _____ blood vessels

A

fetal and maternal blood vessels

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24
Q

foramen ovale

A

an opening in the interatrial septum

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25
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

a vessel connecting the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch

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26
Q

what do the foramen ovale and ductus arteriousus do?

A

the allow most blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation

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27
Q

ductus venosus

A

allows some blood to bypass the hepatic (liver) vessels

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28
Q

specialized cardiac muscle cells in the atria secrete a hormone called ____. what is ists function

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

-vasodilation

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29
Q

aveolar and capillary walls are the surfaces across which _____ occurs.

A

gas exchange

30
Q

the walls of the airways in the respiratory system have ____ or ___ to prevent them fro collapsing.

A

bone or cartilage

31
Q

many of the airways are lined by _______.

A

ciliated epithelium

32
Q

explain the significance of ciliated epithelium in the airways

A

small particles that are inhaled stick to the mucus secreted by this epithelium and ciliary action moves the mucus and entrapped particles out of the airwaysw

33
Q

alveolar walls are composed of _______.

A

simple squamous epithelium

34
Q

what is the significance of alveolar walls being composed of simple squamous epithelium?

A

the thin membrane makes it easy for gases to diffuse

35
Q

visceral pleura

A

covers the lung directly

36
Q

parietal pleura

A

lines the wall of the thoracic cavity

37
Q

what type of fluid fills the pleural cavity?

A

pleural fluid

38
Q

what does pleural fluid do

A

acts a lubricant that reduces friction during lung movements

-acts as an adhesive that helps in lung expansion and prevents collapse of the lungs

39
Q

the only portion of the digestive tract found in the thoracic cavity is the ______.

A

esophagus

40
Q

the esophagus extends from the _____ to the ____ where is passes through the foramen (hiatus) into the abdominal cavity

A

laryngopharynx to the diaphragm

41
Q

the layers of the esophageal wall are the same as we studied before except which exception

A
  • the muscularis externa
  • in the first two thirds of the esophagus it is composed of skeletal muscle tissue, but in the last one third, it is composed of smooth muscle tissue.
42
Q

thymus

A

located over the heart in fetus

  • eventually replaced by connective tissue
  • endocrine organ that secretes hormones
  • organ of the lymphatic system involved in immunity
43
Q

phrenic nerve

A

innervates the diaphragm

44
Q

vagus nerve

A

innervates structures of the thorax

45
Q

a series of ganglia called the ___________ run along either side of the vertebral column.

A

sympathetic chain ganglia

46
Q

function of the heart

A

moves blood

-located in the mediastinum between ribs 2-5

47
Q

base

A

posterior surface

-formed mostly by the L atrium

48
Q

apex

A

pointed end

-located in the left 5th intercostal space (slightly below left nipple)

49
Q

Right atrium

A

receives blood from the systemic veins

50
Q

superior vena cava

A

drains the head, neck, thorax, and upper limbs

-feeds the right atrium

51
Q

inferior vena cava

A
  • drains the lower limbs and the abdominal and pelvic regions
  • feeds the right atrium
52
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit

53
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

takes blood to the lungs

-exits right ventricle

54
Q

pulmonary arteries

A
  • paired

- take blood to the lungs

55
Q

pulmonary veins

A
  • paired

- drain blood from the lungs

56
Q

left atrium

A

receives blood from the pulmonary veins

57
Q

left ventricle

A

pumps blood through the systemic system

58
Q

ascending aorta

A

its branches supply the entire body

59
Q

aortic arch

A

supplies most of the body

60
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

chord extending from the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch

-remnant of the ductus arteriosus

61
Q

fassa ovalis

A

thin region in the interatrial septum

-remnant of the foramen ovale

62
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

prevent the backflow of blood into the atria

63
Q

chordae tenineae

A

anchors cusps to the papillary muscles

-prevent eversion of the cusps

64
Q

papillary muslces

A

anchor chordae tendineae to the ventricular walls’ prevent eversion of the cusps

65
Q

semilunar valves

A

prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

66
Q

right coronary artery

A
  • runs to the back of the heart

- supllies the heart

67
Q

posterior interventricular artery

A
  • branches from the right coronary arter
  • runs to the apex
  • supplies the posterior ventricular walls
68
Q

left coronary artery

A
  • branches from the left side of the ascending aorta

- supplies the heart

69
Q

anterior interventricular artery

A
  • branch of the left coronary artery
  • runs to the apex
  • supplies the interventricular septum and the anterior ventricular walls
70
Q

coronary sinus

A

formed by the merging of cardiac veins

-drains the heart

71
Q

true or false: papillary muscles cause atrioventricular valves to open

A

false

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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