Chapter 1 Flashcards
six levels of organization in anatomy
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
movement caused by kinetic energy
kinetic motion
a chemical reaction is more likely to occur at a higher or lower temperature
higher
when evenly distributed, kinetic motion is equal in all directions and the particles are said to be in…
dynamic equilibrium
net movement
more particles move from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration and vice versi (the particles are said to move with their concentration gradient)
diffusion
the net movement of a substances particles with their concentration gradient
pressure causes what
filtration
filtration
the movement of particles across a membrane due to a pressure gradient (it will not be filtered if it cannot cross the membrane)
basic cell functions
essential for cell survival and thus survival of the body
ex: producing ATP
specialized cell function
performed by only one or a few types of cells
ex: contraction
specialized functions make it possible for cells to perform their basic functions
homeostasis
maintaining variables of the internal environment within normal ranges
basic or specialized cell functions maintain variables of the internal environment
specialized
the functions certain cells perform to move air into and out of your lungs are basic or specialized functions
specialized
another name for internal environment is
extracellular fluid
anatomy
form and arrangement of body parts
kinetic energy
energy of motion
kinetic motion
movement caused by kinetic energy
dynamic equilibrium
kinetic motion equal in all directions
concentration gradient
unevenly distriputed particles
net movement
moving from an area of higher conc. to lower concentration
true or false: kinetic motion and diffusion are synonyms?
false
true or false: all particles move with their concentration gradient
false
the direction of diffusion depends on what
the concentration gradient
pressure gradient
movement from area of higher pressure to lower pressure
internal environment
fluid that surrounds the cells
extra cellular fluid is composed of
blood and interstitial fluid
intracellular fluid
fluid found within the cell
solution
a mixture of a solvent and one or more solutes
molarity
of moles of a solute in 1 liter solution
oslmolarity
of osmoles of a solute in 1 liter solution
osmole
one mole of dissolved solute particles
osmolality
of osmoles of a solute in 1 kg of water
Ions in ECF and ICF
sodium chloride bicarbonate potassium calcium phosphate
gasses in ECF and ICF
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
other solutes in ECF and ICF
glucose amino acids urea cholesterol lactic acid bile salts
superior (cranial)
toward, closer to the head
inferior (caudal)
away from or further from the head
anterior (ventral)
towards, closer to the belly
posterior (dorsal)
away from , farther from the belly
medial
towards or closer to the midline
lateral
away from or farther from the midline
proximal
towards or closer to the point of attachment to the trunk
distal
away or farther from the point of attachment to the trunk
superficial
towards or closer to the external surface of the body
deep
away from or farther from the external surface of the body
dorsal cavity
found in the posterior part of the body
-divided into cranial cavity and vertebral canal
ventral cavity
found in anterior part of the body
- where most of the vicera or internal organs reside
- separated by the diaphragm into superior thoracic cavity and inferior abdominopelvic cavity
mediastinum
separates the thoracic cavity into right and left compartments
contents of the mediastinum
trachea, esophagus, heart, blood vessels
abdominopelvic cavity
contains superior abdominopelvic cavity and inferior pelvic cavity
organs found in the abdominopelvic cavity
digestive organs, urinary, and reproductive systems
pleural membrane
lines the compartment and covers the lung
pericardial membrane (pericardium)
covers the heart and lines the space in the mediastinum where the heart is found
peritoneal membrane (peritoneum)
lines the abdominal cavity and covers many of the organs located in it
parietal
lines the cavity
visceral
covers the organs
transverse plane
divides body into superior and inferior parts
midsaggital
divides body into right and left halves
sagittal
divides body into right and left parts
frontal (coronal) plane
divides body into anterior and posterior or front and back
dialysis
the diffusion of solute particles through dialysis tubing
dialysate
the fluid in the beaker
temperature effects diffusion rate because it determines the amount of ______ the dye particles have
kinetic energy
at either temperature, KMnO4 or methylene blue had a fastest rate of diffusion
KMNO4
the moleculare weights of the two dyes follow. 320 or 158. which molecular weight is methylene blue and why
320 because it has a slower rate of diffusion meaning its ‘heavier’
true or false the rate of diffusion was slower during the 30-60 minutes interval than during the 0-30 minute interval
true
the ability of a particle to cross dialysis tubing is related to its ______?
molecular weight
what determines the direction of diffusion
concentration gradient
___ supplied the force that caused the solutes to move
kinetic energy
what causes filtration
pressure
higher or lower pressure will a greater rate of filtration
higher
what factor determined whether or not a particle passed through the pores of the filter paper?
the size of pores
