Chapter 8: Head and Neck- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
skull
formed by 22 bones
skull functions
- protect brain and organs of special senses
- form openings in which air, food, and fluids enter the body
- provide teeth and jaws for chewing
- provide surfaces for the attachment of the muscles that move the head, jaw, and eyes, muscles that produce facial expressions
hyoid
small bone found in neck
- does not articulate with any other bone
- ligaments bind it to the skull
- moveable base for tongue
- is an attachment site for muscles that move the larynx during swallowing
- has 10 muscles attached to it
bone markings
the openings, bumps, and depressions found on all bones
mastication
chewing
- partly voluntary
- partly reflexive
ex: voluntarily put food in our mouth and contract the muscles that close the jaw, the pattern and rhythm of continued jaw movement is reflexes
angul
an angle (in this case corner of the mouth)
atla
a mythological greek giant who held up the heavens
axi
an axle
bucc
the cheek
cleid
clavicle
crib
a sieve (strainer)
crist
a projection
dens
tooth-like
di
two
ethm
sieve like (strainer like)
frons
the forehead
gast
belly
labi
a lip
lacr
a tear
lambd
shaped like the greek letter lambda
leva
to raise
magn
large
masseter
a chewer
mast
breast shaped
metop
forehead
nas
of the nose
occip
the back of the head
ocul
eye
omo
shoulder
opt
the eye;vision
orbicularis
circular
ori
mouth
par
near
parie
a wall
rotund
round
sept
a wall
sell
a saddle
spin
a spine
stern
the breast bone
styl
long and pointed
turcica
turkish
vomer
a plow
condyl
knob
cruci
cross
fasci
bundle
icul
small
lemma
sheath
medull
marrow
menisc
crescent
myo
muscle
mys
muscle
sarco
flesh
cranial bones
surround (form the walls of) the cranial cavity
facial bones
form the foundation of the face and surround the oral cavity
both cranial and facial bones surround the _____ and ____
nasal cavity and the orbits
sutures
fibrous joints that bind all but one of the 22 skull bones
frontal bone
forms the forehead and a part of each orbit
parietal bone
are posterior to the frontal bone on either side of the midlien
occipital bone
forms the back and base of skull
temporal bone
are anterior to the occipital bone and inferior ot the parietal bones
sphenoid bone
posterior to the face and it extends from one temple to the other; forms part of each orbit
ethmoid bone
in the midline; forms a part of the nasal septum and a part of each orbit
nasal
forms the bridge of nose
lacrimal
forms a part of each orbit
maxilla
forms the upper jaw, part of the hard palate, and a part of each orbit
xygomatic
forms the prominences of the cheeks and a part of each orbit
palatine
forms part of the hard palate
vomer
forms part of the nasal septum
inferior nasal concha
protrude from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
mandible
forms the lower jaw
function: passageway for sound waves
description: a tunnel in a temporal bone
external auditory meatus
function: attachment of digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles
description: a bump projecting inferiorly from a temporal bone
mastoid process
function: articulates with the mandibular fossa
description: a rounded projection on the mandible
condylar process
function: attachment of temporalis muscle
description: a projection of the mandible that is anterior to the condylar process
coronoid process
function: blood vessel and nerve passageway
description: an opening in the mandible lateral to the chin
mental foramen
function: attachment of temporalis muscle
description: formed by parts of the temporal, parietal, frontal, and sphenoid bones
temporal fossa
function: attachment of masseter muscle
description: formed by parts of temporal and zygomatic bones
zygomatic arch
function: ligaments and tendons attach here
description: formed by parts of temporal and zygomatic bones
styloid process
function: muscle attachment and protects eye
description: an eye socket
orbit
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a round opening in the sphenoid bone at the posterior part of the orbit
optic canal
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a slit-like opening in the sphenoid bone at the posterior part of the orbit
superior orbital fissure
function: air passageway
description: a median space bounded by many bones; divided into two parts
nasal cavity
function: separates the oral and nasal cavities
description: formed by parts of the palatine and maxilla bones (commonly called roof of mouth)
hard palate
function: articulates with the condylar process
description: a depression in a temporal bone
mandibular fassa
function: blood vessel passageway
description: canal in a temporal bone
carotid canal
function: spinal cord passageway
description: a large opening in the occipital bone
foramen magnum
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an opening in a temporal bone
stylomastoid foramen
function: articulates with the atlas
description: a smooth projection lateral to the foramen magnum
occipital condyle
function: attachment of trapezius muscle
description: a median protrusion of the occipital bone
external occipital protruberance
function: attachment of trapezius muscle
description: a ridge extending lateral from the protruberance
superior nuchal line
description: anterior part of the cranial cavity
anterior cranial fossa
function: attachment of dura mater
description: a projection of the ethmoid bone into the anterior cranial fossa
crista galli
function: cranial nerve passageways
description: on either side of the crista galli; has many tiny openings
cribiform plate
description: middle part of the cranial cavity
middle cranial fossa
function: the location of the pituitary gland
description: a depression in the sphenoid bone and the anterior and posterior walls of that depression
sellla turcica
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a round opening in the sphenoid bone
foramen rotundum
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an oval opening in the sphenoid bone
foramen ovale
description: posterior part of the cranial cavity
posterior cranial fossa
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a tunnel in a temporal bone
internal acoustic meatus
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an irregular opening between the occipital bone and a temporal bone
jugular foramen
function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an opening in the occipital bone
hypoglossal canal
located between cervical vertebrae 2-7
intervertebral disks
a tunnel like space formed by the articulated vertebrae; passage way for the spinal nerves
vertebral canal
opening on the lateral surfaces of the vertebral column; passageways for spinal nerves
intervertebral foramina
function: bears weight and articulates with adjacent vertebral bodies
description: anterior cylinder-like structure
vertebral body
function: articulates with the atlas
description: a projection from the body of the axis
dens
function: passageway for the spinal cord
description: an opening posterior to the body
vertebral foramen
function: protects spinal cord
description: forms the lateral and posterior walls of a vertebral foramen
vertebral arch
function: muscle attachment
description: posterior projection from the vertebral arch
spinous process
function: muscle attachment
description: a split spinous process; found on some but not all cervical vertebrae
bifid spinous process
function: muscle attachment
description: lateral projections from a vertebral arch
transverse processes
function: articulate with the inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae (except those of the CI which articulate with the occipital condyles)
description: smooth surfaces on the superior part of the vertebral arch; usually face superiorly
superior articular facets
function: articulate with the superior articular facets of inferior vertebrae
description: smooth surfaces on the inferior part of a vertebral arch; usually face inferiorly
inferior articular facets
function: elevates and retracts the mandible
description: a fan shaped muscle;attached to a temporal fossa and a coronoid process of the mandible
temporalis
function: elevates the mandible
description: a thick muscle; attached to the zygomatic arch, zygomatic bone, and mandible
masseter m
function: closes an eyelid
description: circles an eye
orbicularis oculi m
function: closes, purses, and protrudes the lips
description: circles the mouth
orbicularis oris m
function: smiling
description: attached to a zygomatic bone and the corner of the mouth
zygomaticus major m
function: elevates the corner of the mouth
description: attached to a maxilla and the corner of the mouth
levator anguli oris m
function: elevates the upper lip
description: attached to a maxilla and the upper lip
levator labii superioris
function: depresses the corner of the mouth
description: attached to the mandible and the corner of the mouth
depressor anguli oris m
function: depresses the lower lip
description: attached to the mandible and the lower lip
depressor labii inferioris m
function: flatten a cheek against the teeth as in sucking and whistling
description: forms the walls of the cheek
buccinators m
function: contraction of both flexes the neck; contraction of one rotates the head to the opposite side and laterally tilts the head to the same side
description: attached to the sternum, clavicle, and the mastoid process
sternocleidomastoid
function: depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid
description: has to bellies
digastric m
description: attached to the mandible and intermediate tendon
anterior belly of the digastric m
description: attached to a mastoid process and intermediate tendon
posterior belly of digastric m
description: connected to the hyoid
intermediate tendon
function: depresses the hyoid and larynx
description: attached to the sternum and hyoid
sternohyoid m
function: depresses the hyoid
description: attached to a scapula and the hyoid
omohyoid m
function: depresses the larynx and the hyoid
description: attached to the larynx and hyoid
thyrohyoid m
function: extends the head
description: triangular; on posterior surface
trapezius
depression
open your mouth
elevation
close your mouth
protraction
mandible moves forward
retraction
bringing mandible back to normal position
lateral excursion
move your mandible either to the right or left
medial excursion
bring your mandible back to normal position
classify structural and functional of any suture
structural: fibrous
functional: synarthrosis
movement the joint allows: none
structural and functional classification of tooth with jaw bone
structural: fibrous
functional: synarthrosis
movement the joint allows: none
structural and functional classification of the temporomandibular articulation
structural: synovial; modified hinge
functional: diarthrosis; biaxial
movement the joint allows: depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, lateral excursion, and medial excursion
structural and functional classification of the intervertebral bodies
structural: cartilaginous
functional: amphiarthrosis
movement allowed: slight
structural and functional classification of the intervertebral facets
structural: synovial; plane
functional: diarthrosis; nonaxial
movement allowed: gliding
structural and functional classification of the atlanto-occipital articulation
structural: synovial; condylar
functional: diarthrosis; biaxial
movement allowed: flexion, extension, hyperextension,
structural and functional classification of the median atlanto-axial articulation
structural: synovial; pivot
functional: diarthrosis; uniaxial
movement allowed: rotation
