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Human Body Lab > Chapter 8: Head and Neck- Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Head and Neck- Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

skull

A

formed by 22 bones

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2
Q

skull functions

A
  • protect brain and organs of special senses
  • form openings in which air, food, and fluids enter the body
  • provide teeth and jaws for chewing
  • provide surfaces for the attachment of the muscles that move the head, jaw, and eyes, muscles that produce facial expressions
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3
Q

hyoid

A

small bone found in neck

  • does not articulate with any other bone
  • ligaments bind it to the skull
  • moveable base for tongue
  • is an attachment site for muscles that move the larynx during swallowing
  • has 10 muscles attached to it
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4
Q

bone markings

A

the openings, bumps, and depressions found on all bones

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5
Q

mastication

A

chewing

  • partly voluntary
  • partly reflexive
    ex: voluntarily put food in our mouth and contract the muscles that close the jaw, the pattern and rhythm of continued jaw movement is reflexes
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6
Q

angul

A

an angle (in this case corner of the mouth)

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7
Q

atla

A

a mythological greek giant who held up the heavens

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8
Q

axi

A

an axle

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9
Q

bucc

A

the cheek

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10
Q

cleid

A

clavicle

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11
Q

crib

A

a sieve (strainer)

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12
Q

crist

A

a projection

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13
Q

dens

A

tooth-like

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14
Q

di

A

two

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15
Q

ethm

A

sieve like (strainer like)

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16
Q

frons

A

the forehead

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17
Q

gast

A

belly

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18
Q

labi

A

a lip

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19
Q

lacr

A

a tear

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20
Q

lambd

A

shaped like the greek letter lambda

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21
Q

leva

A

to raise

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22
Q

magn

A

large

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23
Q

masseter

A

a chewer

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24
Q

mast

A

breast shaped

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25
Q

metop

A

forehead

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26
Q

nas

A

of the nose

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27
Q

occip

A

the back of the head

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28
Q

ocul

A

eye

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29
Q

omo

A

shoulder

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30
Q

opt

A

the eye;vision

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31
Q

orbicularis

A

circular

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32
Q

ori

A

mouth

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33
Q

par

A

near

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34
Q

parie

A

a wall

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35
Q

rotund

A

round

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36
Q

sept

A

a wall

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37
Q

sell

A

a saddle

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38
Q

spin

A

a spine

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39
Q

stern

A

the breast bone

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40
Q

styl

A

long and pointed

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41
Q

turcica

A

turkish

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42
Q

vomer

A

a plow

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43
Q

condyl

A

knob

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44
Q

cruci

A

cross

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45
Q

fasci

A

bundle

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46
Q

icul

A

small

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47
Q

lemma

A

sheath

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48
Q

medull

A

marrow

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49
Q

menisc

A

crescent

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50
Q

myo

A

muscle

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51
Q

mys

A

muscle

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52
Q

sarco

A

flesh

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53
Q

cranial bones

A

surround (form the walls of) the cranial cavity

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54
Q

facial bones

A

form the foundation of the face and surround the oral cavity

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55
Q

both cranial and facial bones surround the _____ and ____

A

nasal cavity and the orbits

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56
Q

sutures

A

fibrous joints that bind all but one of the 22 skull bones

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57
Q

frontal bone

A

forms the forehead and a part of each orbit

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58
Q

parietal bone

A

are posterior to the frontal bone on either side of the midlien

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59
Q

occipital bone

A

forms the back and base of skull

60
Q

temporal bone

A

are anterior to the occipital bone and inferior ot the parietal bones

61
Q

sphenoid bone

A

posterior to the face and it extends from one temple to the other; forms part of each orbit

62
Q

ethmoid bone

A

in the midline; forms a part of the nasal septum and a part of each orbit

63
Q

nasal

A

forms the bridge of nose

64
Q

lacrimal

A

forms a part of each orbit

65
Q

maxilla

A

forms the upper jaw, part of the hard palate, and a part of each orbit

66
Q

xygomatic

A

forms the prominences of the cheeks and a part of each orbit

67
Q

palatine

A

forms part of the hard palate

68
Q

vomer

A

forms part of the nasal septum

69
Q

inferior nasal concha

A

protrude from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

70
Q

mandible

A

forms the lower jaw

71
Q

function: passageway for sound waves
description: a tunnel in a temporal bone

A

external auditory meatus

72
Q

function: attachment of digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles
description: a bump projecting inferiorly from a temporal bone

A

mastoid process

73
Q

function: articulates with the mandibular fossa
description: a rounded projection on the mandible

A

condylar process

74
Q

function: attachment of temporalis muscle
description: a projection of the mandible that is anterior to the condylar process

A

coronoid process

75
Q

function: blood vessel and nerve passageway
description: an opening in the mandible lateral to the chin

A

mental foramen

76
Q

function: attachment of temporalis muscle
description: formed by parts of the temporal, parietal, frontal, and sphenoid bones

A

temporal fossa

77
Q

function: attachment of masseter muscle
description: formed by parts of temporal and zygomatic bones

A

zygomatic arch

78
Q

function: ligaments and tendons attach here
description: formed by parts of temporal and zygomatic bones

A

styloid process

79
Q

function: muscle attachment and protects eye
description: an eye socket

A

orbit

80
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a round opening in the sphenoid bone at the posterior part of the orbit

A

optic canal

81
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a slit-like opening in the sphenoid bone at the posterior part of the orbit

A

superior orbital fissure

82
Q

function: air passageway
description: a median space bounded by many bones; divided into two parts

A

nasal cavity

83
Q

function: separates the oral and nasal cavities
description: formed by parts of the palatine and maxilla bones (commonly called roof of mouth)

A

hard palate

84
Q

function: articulates with the condylar process
description: a depression in a temporal bone

A

mandibular fassa

85
Q

function: blood vessel passageway
description: canal in a temporal bone

A

carotid canal

86
Q

function: spinal cord passageway
description: a large opening in the occipital bone

A

foramen magnum

87
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an opening in a temporal bone

A

stylomastoid foramen

88
Q

function: articulates with the atlas
description: a smooth projection lateral to the foramen magnum

A

occipital condyle

89
Q

function: attachment of trapezius muscle
description: a median protrusion of the occipital bone

A

external occipital protruberance

90
Q

function: attachment of trapezius muscle
description: a ridge extending lateral from the protruberance

A

superior nuchal line

91
Q

description: anterior part of the cranial cavity

A

anterior cranial fossa

92
Q

function: attachment of dura mater
description: a projection of the ethmoid bone into the anterior cranial fossa

A

crista galli

93
Q

function: cranial nerve passageways
description: on either side of the crista galli; has many tiny openings

A

cribiform plate

94
Q

description: middle part of the cranial cavity

A

middle cranial fossa

95
Q

function: the location of the pituitary gland
description: a depression in the sphenoid bone and the anterior and posterior walls of that depression

A

sellla turcica

96
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a round opening in the sphenoid bone

A

foramen rotundum

97
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an oval opening in the sphenoid bone

A

foramen ovale

98
Q

description: posterior part of the cranial cavity

A

posterior cranial fossa

99
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: a tunnel in a temporal bone

A

internal acoustic meatus

100
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an irregular opening between the occipital bone and a temporal bone

A

jugular foramen

101
Q

function: cranial nerve passageway
description: an opening in the occipital bone

A

hypoglossal canal

102
Q

located between cervical vertebrae 2-7

A

intervertebral disks

103
Q

a tunnel like space formed by the articulated vertebrae; passage way for the spinal nerves

A

vertebral canal

104
Q

opening on the lateral surfaces of the vertebral column; passageways for spinal nerves

A

intervertebral foramina

105
Q

function: bears weight and articulates with adjacent vertebral bodies
description: anterior cylinder-like structure

A

vertebral body

106
Q

function: articulates with the atlas
description: a projection from the body of the axis

A

dens

107
Q

function: passageway for the spinal cord
description: an opening posterior to the body

A

vertebral foramen

108
Q

function: protects spinal cord
description: forms the lateral and posterior walls of a vertebral foramen

A

vertebral arch

109
Q

function: muscle attachment
description: posterior projection from the vertebral arch

A

spinous process

110
Q

function: muscle attachment
description: a split spinous process; found on some but not all cervical vertebrae

A

bifid spinous process

111
Q

function: muscle attachment
description: lateral projections from a vertebral arch

A

transverse processes

112
Q

function: articulate with the inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae (except those of the CI which articulate with the occipital condyles)
description: smooth surfaces on the superior part of the vertebral arch; usually face superiorly

A

superior articular facets

113
Q

function: articulate with the superior articular facets of inferior vertebrae
description: smooth surfaces on the inferior part of a vertebral arch; usually face inferiorly

A

inferior articular facets

114
Q

function: elevates and retracts the mandible
description: a fan shaped muscle;attached to a temporal fossa and a coronoid process of the mandible

A

temporalis

115
Q

function: elevates the mandible
description: a thick muscle; attached to the zygomatic arch, zygomatic bone, and mandible

A

masseter m

116
Q

function: closes an eyelid
description: circles an eye

A

orbicularis oculi m

117
Q

function: closes, purses, and protrudes the lips
description: circles the mouth

A

orbicularis oris m

118
Q

function: smiling
description: attached to a zygomatic bone and the corner of the mouth

A

zygomaticus major m

119
Q

function: elevates the corner of the mouth
description: attached to a maxilla and the corner of the mouth

A

levator anguli oris m

120
Q

function: elevates the upper lip
description: attached to a maxilla and the upper lip

A

levator labii superioris

121
Q

function: depresses the corner of the mouth
description: attached to the mandible and the corner of the mouth

A

depressor anguli oris m

122
Q

function: depresses the lower lip
description: attached to the mandible and the lower lip

A

depressor labii inferioris m

123
Q

function: flatten a cheek against the teeth as in sucking and whistling
description: forms the walls of the cheek

A

buccinators m

124
Q

function: contraction of both flexes the neck; contraction of one rotates the head to the opposite side and laterally tilts the head to the same side
description: attached to the sternum, clavicle, and the mastoid process

A

sternocleidomastoid

125
Q

function: depresses the mandible and elevates the hyoid
description: has to bellies

A

digastric m

126
Q

description: attached to the mandible and intermediate tendon

A

anterior belly of the digastric m

127
Q

description: attached to a mastoid process and intermediate tendon

A

posterior belly of digastric m

128
Q

description: connected to the hyoid

A

intermediate tendon

129
Q

function: depresses the hyoid and larynx
description: attached to the sternum and hyoid

A

sternohyoid m

130
Q

function: depresses the hyoid
description: attached to a scapula and the hyoid

A

omohyoid m

131
Q

function: depresses the larynx and the hyoid
description: attached to the larynx and hyoid

A

thyrohyoid m

132
Q

function: extends the head
description: triangular; on posterior surface

A

trapezius

133
Q

depression

A

open your mouth

134
Q

elevation

A

close your mouth

135
Q

protraction

A

mandible moves forward

136
Q

retraction

A

bringing mandible back to normal position

137
Q

lateral excursion

A

move your mandible either to the right or left

138
Q

medial excursion

A

bring your mandible back to normal position

139
Q

classify structural and functional of any suture

A

structural: fibrous
functional: synarthrosis
movement the joint allows: none

140
Q

structural and functional classification of tooth with jaw bone

A

structural: fibrous
functional: synarthrosis
movement the joint allows: none

141
Q

structural and functional classification of the temporomandibular articulation

A

structural: synovial; modified hinge
functional: diarthrosis; biaxial
movement the joint allows: depression, elevation, protraction, retraction, lateral excursion, and medial excursion

142
Q

structural and functional classification of the intervertebral bodies

A

structural: cartilaginous
functional: amphiarthrosis
movement allowed: slight

143
Q

structural and functional classification of the intervertebral facets

A

structural: synovial; plane
functional: diarthrosis; nonaxial
movement allowed: gliding

144
Q

structural and functional classification of the atlanto-occipital articulation

A

structural: synovial; condylar
functional: diarthrosis; biaxial
movement allowed: flexion, extension, hyperextension,

145
Q

structural and functional classification of the median atlanto-axial articulation

A

structural: synovial; pivot
functional: diarthrosis; uniaxial
movement allowed: rotation

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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