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Human Body Lab > Chapter 3 Lab > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Lab Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

a group of cells working together to perform one or more funtions

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2
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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3
Q

hist

A

tissue

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4
Q

log

A

study of

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5
Q

four basic tissues

A

muscle
nervous
connective
epithelial

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6
Q

cells of muscle tissue are ___ and ____

A

elongated and contractile

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7
Q

three types of muscle tissues

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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8
Q

skeletal muscle tissue is found

A

in your skeletal muscles most of which move bones

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9
Q

smooth muscle tissues is found… and whats its function

A

mainly in the walls of your hollow organs

its function is to move the contents of the organ

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10
Q

cardiac muscle tissue is found ____? its function??

A

found in your heart

it moves blood

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11
Q

nervous tissue composes what

A

brain
spinal cord
nerves
ganglia

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12
Q

true or false: there is only one type of nervous tissue

A

true

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13
Q

nervous tissue is composed of what two cell types

A

neurons and neuroglia

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14
Q

what are the neurons two processes

A

dendrites and axons

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15
Q

true or false: there is only one type of nervous tissue

A

true

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16
Q

dendrites

A

receptive or input regions of neurons

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17
Q

what do dendrites do?

A

receive signals from other neurons or they detect changes in body structures (which includes the internal environment) or the external environment

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18
Q

axons are also called what

A

nerve fibers

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19
Q

axons are the …

A

conducting regions of neurons

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20
Q

what is the function of axons?

A

transmit electrical signals known as nerve impulses to muscles glands and other neurons

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21
Q

nerve impulses are one method used by the body to “?”

A

talk to its different parts

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22
Q

how are neurons classified?

A

by their structure (number of processes they have) and their function

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23
Q

multipolar neuron

A

many dendrites and one axon extended from the cell body

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24
Q

bipolar neuron

A

two processes (one dendrite and one axon) extend from the cell body

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25
Q

unipolar neuron

A

one axon with central and peripheral processes extend from the cell body

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26
Q

what are the three groups in the functional classification scheme?

A

sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons

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27
Q

sensory afferent neurons

A

detect changes in body structures or the external environment
the send info (about the changes) to the interneurons
Affernt = send

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28
Q

interneurons

A

perform integration , and stimulate motor neurons

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29
Q

integration

A

data from several sensory neurons are processed and interpreted and a decision is made about what should be done with the change (pertaining to interneurons)

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30
Q

motor efferent neurons

A

send impulses to effectors

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31
Q

effector

A

muscle or gland that performs the necessary action

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32
Q

true or false: most sensory neurons are unipolar but few are bipolar

A

true

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33
Q

true or false: all motor neurons are multipolar

A

true

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34
Q

neuroglia function

A

to support neurons

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35
Q

connective tissues function

A

bind, support, and or provide protection

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36
Q

two examples of connective tissue are…

A

bone and blood

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37
Q

unlike those of other tissues, the cells of most connective tissue…

A

are separated by extracellular matrix (ECM)

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38
Q

ECM (extracellular matrix) function

A

nonliving material found outside of cells and is mostly secreted by cells of the connective tissue

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39
Q

what is ECM composed of

A

ground substance and fibers

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40
Q

ground substance is made of what?

A

certain proteins, polysaccharides, and interstitial fluid

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41
Q

the consistency of ground substance can be…

A

liquid, gel-like, firm, rigid

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42
Q

Collagenous fibers are composed of what

A

mainly the protein collegen

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43
Q

function of collagenous fibers

A

add strength to a tissue

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44
Q

elastic fibers composed of what

A

the protein elastin

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45
Q

elastic fiber function

A

to make tissue elastic

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46
Q

reticular fibers are

A

very fine collagenous fibers that branch extensively, forming networks

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47
Q

the fundamental cell type has two forms, what are they

A

immature and mature

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48
Q

the immature form is more or less active

A

more active

49
Q

a mature cell is more or less active

A

less active

50
Q

true or false: if the matrix is damaged, the mature form of the cell will revert to the immature form so that the damaged matrix can be replaced.

A

true

51
Q

immature form indicated by what suffix

A

blast

52
Q

mature form indicated by suffix

A

cyte

53
Q

cyte

A

cell

54
Q

blast

A

bud

55
Q

the 3 loose connective tissues

A

areolar connective tissue
adipose connective tissue
reticular connective tissue

56
Q

the three dense connective tissues

A

dense regular connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
elastic connective tissue

57
Q

three cartilage connective tissue

A

hyaline cartilage connective tissue
fibrocartilage connective tissue
elastic cartilage connective tissue

58
Q

connective tissue types

A

connective tissue proper (loose and dense)
cartlage connective tissue
bone connective tissue
blood connective tissue

59
Q

if epithelia have no blood vessels how can epithelial cells survive?

A

oxygen and nutrients diffuse to the cells from blood vessels in an adjacent connective tissue and waste products diffuse from the cells to these same blood vessels. In general epithelial tissue secrete absorb, form barriers, and protect

60
Q

general function of epithelial tissue

A

secrete, absorb, form barriers, protect

61
Q

two classification of epithelia

A

glandular and covering and lining

62
Q

glandular epithelia

A

secrete (produce and release) substances

can be exocrine or endocrine

63
Q

exocrine glands

A

release produces onto body surfaces (ex: the skin or lining of digestive tract)

64
Q

exocrine glands have

A

secretory units and ducts (small tubed) these tubes allow the secretion to go to the body surface

65
Q

endocrine glands

A

release their products into the interstitial fluid and the products move into the blood which transports them to parts of the body

66
Q

covering and lining epithelium structure

A

sheet-like structures that form the outer and inner surfaces of body structures

67
Q

function of lining epithelium

A

form barriers, absorption, secretion, protection

68
Q

basal surface

A

attached to an underlying layer of connective tissue

69
Q

apical surface

A

free and not attached to another structure but is exposed to a space (exterior of body)

70
Q

microvelli

A

shorter than cilia and increase surface area

71
Q

cilia

A

longer than microvilli and their movement propels substances over the apical (top) surface of the epithelium

72
Q

2 structural features used to name epithelia

A

shape of cells, and number of layers

73
Q

pseud

A

false

74
Q

simple epithelium

A

one layer of cells

75
Q

stratified epithelium

A

more than one cell layer

76
Q

pseudostratified epithelium

A

one cell layer but appears to have more than one

77
Q

transitional epithelium

A

more than one cell layer and can be stretched without cell separation

78
Q

squamous epithelia

A

flattened cells

79
Q

explain why cells of the small intestine have microvilli

A

microvilli increase surface area so more nutrients will be absorbed into the small intestine

80
Q

true or false: the rate of nutrient diffusion would be greater through a thinner epithelium than a thicker epithelium

A

true

81
Q

exocrine glands secrete their products onto the apical or basal surfaces of covering

A

apical

82
Q

epithelial membrane

A

organ composed of covering or lining epithelium and one or two types of connecting tissue

83
Q

basement membrane

A

binds the epithelium and has a basal lamina and a reticular lamina

84
Q

basal lamina

A

sheet-like layer composed mainly of glycoproteins secreted by the epithelium

85
Q

reticular lamina

A

sheet of reticular fibers produced by the connective tissue

86
Q

three types of epithelial membranes

A

cutaneous
mucous
serous

87
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

commonly called skin

88
Q

muscous membrane

A

forms the inner surfaces of structures and are continuous with the cutaneous membrane
ex: lining of digestive and respiratory tract

89
Q

goblet cells

A

secretes mucus

90
Q

connective tissue layer of mucous membrane

A

areolar connective tissue

91
Q

serous membranes (serosae)

A 
pleurae
pericardium
peritoneum
composed of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue
secretes serous fluid
92
Q

a ____ membrane forms the inner surface of the stomach

A

mucous

93
Q

a ____ membrane covers a lung

A

serous

94
Q

adip

A

fat

95
Q

erythr

A

red

96
Q

gen

A

to cause

97
Q

leuc

A

white

98
Q

path

A

disease

99
Q

thromb

A

a clot

100
Q

a

A

no

101
Q

blast

A

(bud) immature

102
Q

cyte

A

cell (mature)

103
Q

hist

A

tissue

104
Q

log

A

study of

105
Q

pseud

A

false

106
Q

vas

A

vessel

107
Q

what is a pathogen

A

something that causes disease path=disease gen= to cause

108
Q

adipocyte

A

mature fat cell

109
Q

why interneuron is a good name for these cells

A

interneurons are located between sensory and motor neurons

110
Q

smooth muscle tissue function

A

moves contents of whatever it is

111
Q

nervous tissue in the spinal cord function

A

communication

112
Q

motor neuron in the nervous tissue function

A

generates and transmits electrical impulses to muscles or glands

113
Q

neurologia function

A

to support

114
Q

areolar connective tissue in the serous membrane function

A

glues the epithelium of the serous membrane to underlying structures

115
Q

collagenous fibers function

A

add strength to a tissue

116
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium in a sweat gland function

A

secrete sweat

117
Q

blood connective tissue function within blood vessels

A

medium by which substances such as glucose and hormones are transported throughout the body

118
Q

the ground substance of areolar connective tissue is

A

gel-like

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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