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Human Body Lab > Chapter 9: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

olfactory nerve: name the number and passage way

A

1 cribiform plate

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2
Q

optic nerve: number and passage way

A

2, optic canal

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3
Q

oculomotor: number and passage way

A

3, superior orbital fissure

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4
Q

trochlear: number and passage way

A

4, superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

trigeminal: number

A

5

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6
Q

ophthalmic: number and passage way

A

5,1 superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

maxillary: number and passage way

A

5, 2 foramen rotundum

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8
Q

mandibular nerve: number and passage way

A

5, 3 foramen ovale

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9
Q

abducens nerve: number and passage way

A

6 superior orbital fissure

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10
Q

facial nerve: number and passage way

A

7, internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen

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11
Q

vestibulocochlear nerve: number and passage way

A

8, internal acoustic meatus

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12
Q

glossopharyngeal: number and passage way

A

9, jugular foramen

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13
Q

vagus nerve: number and passage way

A

10, jugular foramen

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14
Q

accessory nerve: number and passage way

A

11, jugular foramen

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15
Q

hypoglossal nerve: number and passage way

A

12, hypoglossal canal

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16
Q

synapse

A

junction where information is transferred from one cell to another

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17
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

spinal cord

A

continuous with the hindbrain and is found in the vertebral canal
-31 segments and are divided into 5 groups

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19
Q

cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS

A

nucleus

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20
Q

collection of nerve fibers

A

tract

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21
Q

myeline is white nervous tissue composed mostly of myelinated nerve fibers. what is that called

A

white matter

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22
Q

peripheral nervous system consists of

A

consists of ganglia, neurologia, and nerves

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23
Q

unmyelinated nerve fivers and cell bodies are gray, so area composed mostly of these structures are called

A

gray matter

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24
Q

ganglion

A

collection of neuron cell bodies in PNS

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25
Q

dorsal root ganglia contain what

A

the cell bodies of sensory neurons

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26
Q

autonomic ganglia contain what

A

the cell bodies of motor neurons

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27
Q

each axon is surrounded by what

A

endoneurium

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28
Q

what binds groups of axons into bundles called fascicles

A

perineurium

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29
Q

what binds the fascicles into a nerve

A

epineurium

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30
Q

function of the dura mater

A

protects the brain

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31
Q

function of the dural septa

A

prevent excessive movement of the brain within the cranial cavity

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32
Q

function of cranial nerve 1: olfactory nerve

A

olfaction (smell)

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33
Q

function of cranial nerve 2: optic nerve

A

vision

34
Q

function of cranial nerve 3: oculomotor

A

eye movement, pupil constriction and focusing

35
Q

function of cranial nerve 4: trochlear

A

eye movement

36
Q

function of cranial nerve 5: trigeminal

A

mastication and sensation from the face

37
Q

function of cranial nerve 6: abducens

A

eye movement

38
Q

function of cranial nerve 7: facial

A

facial expression and gustation (taste)

39
Q

function of cranial nerve 8: vestibulochoclear

A

audition / hearing/ equilibrium

40
Q

function of cranial nerve 9: glossopharyngeal

A

gustation, sensation from pharynx (throat) and swallowing

41
Q

function of cranial nerve 10: vagus

A

gustation, visceral sensation, and visceral muscle movement

42
Q

function of cranial nerve 11: accessory

A

movement of head and shoulders

43
Q

function of cranial nerve 12: hypoglossal

A

tongue movements (swallowing and speech)

44
Q

function of internal carotid arteries

A

supply the orbits and 80% of cerebrum

45
Q

function of vertebral arteries

A

supply the cervical part of the spinal cord and the brain with blood

46
Q

the PNS has two types of neurologia. what do they do?

A

-support and hold neurons in place
or
-produce myelin sheath

47
Q

nervous tissue is composed of

A

neurons and neurologia

48
Q

do both the brain and spinal cord have blood vessesls?

A

yes

49
Q

a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS is called

A

nucleus

50
Q

collection of nerve fibers is called

A

tract

51
Q

there are four types of neurologia in the CNS, what do they do

A
  1. support and hold neurons in spatial relationships
  2. phagocytize dead neurons and microorganisms
  3. produce and move cerebrospinal fluid
  4. form myeline sheath
52
Q

collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

53
Q

dorsal root ganglia

A

contain cell bodies of sensory neurons

54
Q

autonomic ganglia

A

contain cell bodies of motor neurons

55
Q

a group of axons bound together by three connective tissue sheaths is called a

A

nerve

56
Q

endoneurium

A

surrounds the axon

57
Q

perineurium

A

binds groups of axons into bundles

58
Q

fassicles

A

bundles axons

59
Q

epineurium

A

binds fassicles into a nerve

60
Q

the spinal cord is part of the

A

CNS

61
Q

nerve fibers are

A

axons

62
Q

nerves are part of the

A

PNS

63
Q

What is the difference between a tract and a nerve?

A

tract found in the CNS, nerves are found in the PNS

64
Q

two cranial nerves that are purely sensory

A

olfactory and optic

65
Q

nerve plexuses

A

interlacing networks of nerves

66
Q

sensory receptors

A

respond to changes in the external environment aka stimuli

67
Q

general senses

A

touch pressure stretch vibration temperature pain and muscle sense

68
Q

special senses

A

smell taste vision hearing and equilibrium

69
Q

nonencapsulated receptors respond primarily to what

A

temperature and painful stimuli, touch, movement of hair, and itch

70
Q

two types of nonencapsulated receptors

A

free nerve ending and hair follicle receptors

71
Q

sensory terminals of encapsulated receptors are surrounded by what

A

connective tissue capsules

72
Q

almost all encapsulated receptors are what

A

mechanoreceptors

73
Q

axon terminals

A

the endings of motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle

74
Q

varicosities

A

the motor endings of neurons innervating smooth muscles and glands (looks like string of beads)

75
Q

the spaces between the separated layers of the dura mater are called

A

dural venous sinuses

76
Q

subarachnoid space

A

contains cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels; found between the arachnoid and pia mater

77
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

protects CNS by acting as liquid cushion , helps nourish CNS cells

78
Q

where is CSF found?

A

in and outside the CNS eventually draining into the dural sinuses via the arachnoid villi

79
Q

how often is CSF replaced?

A

every 8 hours

80
Q

what happens if CSF removal does not keep up with production?

A

the CSF will accumulate and exert pressure on the brain which can lead to brain damage

81
Q

what connects the third and fourth ventricles?

A

the cerebral aquaduct

Human Body Lab (55 decks)

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