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BI 464 Plants and People > Lecture 9: Spices > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Spices Flashcards

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1
Q

What part of the plant can be considered a spice?

A

aromatic fruits, flowers, bark, or other plant parts

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2
Q

The aroma, fragrance or “spiciness” is given by the chemicals produced within ______.

A

secretory tissues

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3
Q

True or False: Spices are also powerful antibiotics and can be used a preservatives.

A

True

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4
Q

______ smells have been associated with immortality and _____ smells have been used in rituals to appease benevolent spirits.

A

Pleasant, good

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5
Q

What is the latin name for perfume and incense?

A

“by smoke”

“that which is lit”

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6
Q

What is the first documented story of spices?

A

1000 BC Queen of Sheba (Ethiopia/Yemen region) went to visit King Solomon and bared gifts of spices and gold.

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7
Q

What spices made Sheba rich?

A

commerce with spices: myrrh, black pepper, cloves, ginger & cinnamon

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8
Q

_____ is a red brown resin that is a ancient constituent of perfumes and incense, worth more than its weight in gold

A

Myrrh

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9
Q

What are two physiological properties of Myrrh?

A

Antiseptic

Stimulant

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10
Q

In the _______, there are various songs about spices.

A

Song of Solomon

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11
Q

Spices were used in early _______ as aromatic body ointments and pomades

A

Egypt

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12
Q

What are examples of perfumes and fragrances the egyptians used?

A

almond, cedar (Cedrus spp. not Thuja!), cinnamon, citron, ginger, peppermint, rose, rosemary, sandalwood, pine, juniper, myrrh

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13
Q

_____ is the process where the body eviscerated and filled with spices. Sewn up and placed in sodium solution for 70 days. Wrapped in linen and smeared with gum.

A

Embalming

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14
Q

In Medieval Europe, _______ was so valuable that it was often used as a collateral or even as a currency.

A

black pepper

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15
Q

In black & white pepper, The fruit is a ______

A

drupe

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16
Q

___ pepper is the entire fruit harvested green and dried (peppercorn); _____ pepper is just the pit after the external part of the fruit is removed)

A

black, white

17
Q

What is the chemical in black pepper?

A

piperine

18
Q

What spice is a antioxidant and accelerates energy metabolism in the body and also increases the serotonin and beta-endorphin production in the brain.

A

Black and White pepper

19
Q

Pepper is a vine native to where?

A

SE Asia

20
Q

_____ is used against nausea, dizziness, and vomiting as symptoms of motion sickness, and vomiting during pregnancy (Gravol!).

A

Ginger

21
Q

What are three physiological symptoms ginger can treat?

A

Antioxidant
Gastrointestinal problems
Anti-inflammatory

22
Q

What part of the ginger plant is used?

A

Rhizome

23
Q

True or False: Ginger is naive to South Asia

A

True

24
Q

In ____, the spice comes from the bark of the small tree.

A

Cinnamon

25
Q

What spice has antiviral properties, can prevent colon cancer, and improves glucose and lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes?

A

Cinnamon

26
Q

_____ is native to India and Sri Lanka (S Asia)

A

Cinnamon

27
Q

What is the chemical in cinnamon that activates the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response in human epithelial colon cells?

A

cinnamic aldehyde

28
Q

____ is a a tree native to Indonesia, used from dried flower buds.

A

Cloves

29
Q

What are 3 used for cloves?

A

Clove oil (Eugenol) is used in stomatology (mild anesthetic and temporary fillings)

Reduces blood sugar levels

Tellimagrandin II with anti-herpes virus properties

30
Q

True or False: Cinnamon was valued in China, where they were used to sweeten the breath of court officials before they addressed the emperor.

A

False, cloves

31
Q

How were spices traded across vast distances?

A

Camel caravans carried spices from Somalia & Ethiopia and spices from India and beyond to the Mediterranean ports of Gaza and Alexandria

32
Q

The land route of the ancient spice trade route is known as _____.

A

Incense road

65 stages, each a suitable halt for camels.

33
Q

True or False: The desire for incense & spice had a significant impact on the early history of world exploration, colonization and trade.

A

True

34
Q

What plant protects against colon cancer?

A

Cinnamon

BI 464 Plants and People (28 decks)

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