Lecture 26: Hallucinogenic Plants 2

Question 1

The dried latex from the _________ is a rich source of the active alkaloids such as morphine (up to 20%), thebaine (5%), codeine (1%), papaverine (1%), and narcotine (5-8%).

Answer 1

unripe capsules

Question 2

How many petals do poppies have?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Opium poppy was cultivated in lower ______. The Sumerians referred to it as Hul Gul, the _______

Answer 3

Mesopotamia, “plant of happiness”.

Question 4

What were the medicinal uses of opium in ancient times?

Answer 4

asthma, stomach illnesses, and bad eyesight

Question 5

Opium had both a ______ (for example, in Egypt the use was generally restricted to priests and higher castes) and _______ (as a narcotic).

Answer 5

ritual, medicinal use

Question 6

2500 ya _________ dismisses the magical attributes of opium but acknowledges its usefulness as a narcotic.

Answer 6

Hippocrates

Question 7

_______ introduced opium to India.

Answer 7

Alexander the Great

Question 8

Paracelsus reintroduced opium to Western medicine in 1527 under the name ______.

Answer 8

laudanum

Question 9

Opium was used for _______ from the 14th century onwards in Muslim societies.

Answer 9

recreational purposes

Question 10

What happened with opium in China?

Answer 10

A Lot of people got addicted, China tried to ban it, led to the Opium War

Question 11

The Opium Wars between China and the British Empire took place in the late _____.

Answer 11

1830s

Question 12

The treaty awarded Britain 21 million ounces of _____ in compensation and _____ treaty ports were established in China

Answer 12

silver, 80

Question 13

True or False: One of morphines early uses was as a “non-addictive” drug to treat people who were addicted to opium.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The most notorious derivative of morphine is _______.

Answer 14

heroin

Question 15

True or False: one of the common early uses of Heroin was to help treat people who were addicted to morphine,

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What 3 things were heroin used to treat when it first came out

Answer 16

asthma, bronchitis, and tuberculosis

Question 17

Today there are an estimated _______ people who are addicted to heroin.

Answer 17

15-20 million

Question 18

Rank the following opiates in rank of strength: Oxycodone, fentanyl, sulfenyl, carfentanil, heroin, methadone.

Answer 18

oxycodone (1.5x morphine),

heroin (4-5 times x morphine);

methadone ( 3-5x morphine);

fentanyl (50-100x morphine),

sulfenanil (500-1000x morphine)

carfentanyl (10,000-100,000 x morphine)

Question 19

______ is the world’s leading supplier of opium

Answer 19

Afghanistan

Question 20

True or False: After a U.N. estimate, heroin production represents between 40% and 60% of Afghanistan’s gross domestic product

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Question: One of the following questions about papaver is incorrect:

Answer 21

Answer: Opium is the main source of synthesis for cocaine

Question 22

Questions: What was the main cause for which the British Empire declared war to China two times?

Answer 22

Answer: China did not allow any more British imports and smuggling of opium onto its territory.