Lecture 14: Alcohol 2 Flashcards
Who was beer developed by?
Developed independently by Sumerians, Egyptians, Hebrews, Incas, Chinese.
at least 6000 years old
Why can beer be made from anh grain?
They all have starch
In the about 3800 years old ______ translated from a Sumerian clay tablet is included one of the most ancient recipes for brewing beer
Hymn to Ninkasi
_______ are moistened with water and allowed to germinate on the _______. During germination starch from the endosperm is hydrolyzed into sugars, and enzymes are released.
Cereal grains, malting floor
True or False: Dark beers have the malt roasted at higher temperatures then light beers
True (caramelize the sugars)
Beers made with both malt and grain barley are called ______.
malt liquors
The milled grains can be any cereal grain: _______
wheat, corn, rice or barley
Enzymes from malt break down the starch from the milled grains. The result of mashing is called _____.
Wort
_______ = roasted malt + milled grains + water
Mashing
_____ is a dioecious vine with palmately lobed native to the northern hemisphere
Hops
____ is antibacterial and also helps retain the foamy head on beer longer
Hops
_____ beers use a yeast that settles at the bottom of the tank.
_____ beers use a yeast that rises at the surface of the tank.
Lager (cold)
Ale (warm)
True or False: Beer is the world’s most consumed alcoholic beverage and second overall after coffee and tea.
True
Sake is usually drunk from small cups called ______
Choko
___ is a rice beer with fermentation agent, Aspergillus oryzae and a alcohol content 15-20%
Sake
Can be served warm or cold
______ is the separation of a mixture of substances by their different boiling points.
Distillation
_______ near-boiling beer, wine or other alcoholic beverage to separate alcohol from water.
Distilled spirit
A ______ still is a type of still used in distilling spirits such as whisky or brandy in a process called batch distillation
A _______ still is more complex and it involves to columns and is called fractional (has more control in separating fractions of alcohol)
pot, Continuous
_______ is a distilled beverage made from grains or potatoes
Vodka
_______ is a distilled beverage obtain from fermenting cane (sugar cane molasses) which is flavored with macerated cones of juniper (Juniperus communis)
Gin
______ is distilled from wine (made from grapes) and aged in oak casks
Cognac or brandy
________are distilled from a (fruit) cider: prunes, peaches, apples, etc.
Slivovitz, Palinka, Tuica, Fruit Brandy
_______ is derived from Gaelic and means “water of life”.
Whiskey
True or False: whiskey is essentially a distillate of grain beer
True
True or False: “Single malt” indicates that all the malts in the bottle come from a single distillery.
True
_______ is a corn whiskey, which was developed in the early years of the USA in Kentucky
Bourbon
____ agave, the tequila agave is an agave sp. native to Mexico and favours altitudes over 1500 meters and sandy soil.
Blue
True or False: The agave flowers are pollinated by birds
False, bats
Tequila is produced by removing the ______ or the _______ of the plant (this is the stem axis) in its 3rd to 7th year, normally weighing between 35-90 kg.
“heart”, “pineapple”
How is tequila made?
The “pineapple” is heated to remove the sap, which is fermented and distilled.
Tequila ______ is not aged at all while tequila_______ is yellowish because it was aged for ca. 3 months in oak barrels or casks, allowing for richer and more complex flavors
Blanco, reposado
True or False: Tequila worm is a marketing gimmick for gringos
True
What type of cocktail usually uses tequila?
Margaritas
