Lecture 7: Solanaceae Flashcards
What are the herbs, flower, corolla and fruit characteristics of solanaceae?
Herbs (usually)
Flowers actinomorphic and bisexual; 5-merous
Corolla: 5 petals, fused; variable:
rotate, campanulate (pepper), funnelform
Fruit: berry or capsule
The entire family is characterized by content of various ______; therefore, they are commonly poisonous plants.
Alkaloids
In tomato, the corollas ____ and are ____ while the berries are _____.
rotate, yellow (to red), full
What are the two hypotheses about the domestication of the tomato?
In the Andes, tomatoes were cultivated by the Inca in a region that now includes Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru.
It is not clear if it was introduced into Mesoamerica and Mexico or if it was domesticated independently by the Aztecs.
True or False: Tomatoes were introduced to Europe in the 16th century where they were first cultivated as a curiosity
True
Tomatoes are better known today as a part of the ______ culture more broadly
Italian, Spanish and Mediterranean
Italian food cannot exist without tomatoes
True
____ is a a powerful flavonoid antioxidant, is present in great amounts the tomatoes (especially in red cultivars).
Lycopene
______ helps protect eyes from “age-related macular disease” (ARMD) in the elderly persons by filtering harmful ultra-violet rays.
Zea-xanthin
Fresh tomato is rich in what 3 vitamins?
A, C, K
____ is the most important food crop worldwide after cereals.
Potato
In potatoes, the corolla is ____ with ____ or _____ flowers
Rotate, white or purple
When and where was the potato domesticated?
Potato was domesticated in the Andes of Peru and Bolivia by the Incas ca. 8000 y.a.
When was the potato introduced into Europe?
Introduced at the end of 1500s in Spain then spread slowly in the rest of Europe.
What was the bacteria that affected potatoes during the famine?
Phytophtora infestans
Potato blight
When were potatoes introduced to NA?
Potato introduced to N America by the colonists in 1620s in Bermuda and in 1700s on the mainland.
True or False: The first permanent potato patches in North America were established in 1719, most likely near Londonderry (Derry), NH, by Scotch-Irish immigrants
True
Where was the eggplant domesticated?
India, China, Thailand, Burma but the exact time is unknown. It was introduced in Europe after 1500s
In peppers, the corolla is _____ and the fruit is a _____ that is partially empty.
Campanulate, berry
When and where was the pepper domesticated
domesticated in Mexico ca. 8000-9000 ya. Based on fossil starch dated ca. 6000 ya, peppers were also cultivated in Peru, Ecuador, Central America and Caribbean.
Where is capsaicin present?
placental tissue
Exam question:Tomato and Potato have something in Common
Answer: D, They have the same type of fruit: a berry
Exam Question: One of the following is incorrect about peppers
Answer: A, Evolution of the pepper is related to seed dispersal by ants
