Lecture 27: Hallucinogenic Plants 3 Flashcards
______ “spirit molecule” is structurally analogous to serotonin and it binds non-selectively to several serotonin receptors (primarily agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor).
DMT
_______ mg = < 15-20 minute intoxication
10 to 20 mg
Approximately ______ oral ingestion + an MAO (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) = 3-4 hour intoxication
100 mg
What are the 3 most profound altered state of consciousness associated with DMT?
Profound time-dilation, most commonly visual hallucinations, alleged journeys to paranormal realms, and encounters with strange beings (“machine elves” or “angels”).
bodily dissociation; experiences of euphoria, calm, fear, and anxiety.
Ego dissolution
What are the 3 types of grasses that contain small amounts of DMT?
Phragmites spp. reeds
Digitaria spp. crabgrass spp
Phalaris spp. Canary-grass spp.
What are the two components of ayahuasca?
Banisteriopsis spp, contains MAO, “The force”
Psychotria viridis, Contains DMT, “the light”
______ is an enzyme that metabolizes monoamines, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
Monoamine oxidase (MAO)
_____ is a abortifacient
Peganum harmala (Syrian rue)
What are the two common types of MAO?
Peganum harmala,
Passiflora sp.
True or False: The mescaline plant has chemicals similar to dopamine and serotonin
True
True or False: Intoxication of mescaline similar to that from DMT, LSD or psilocybin
True
______ potent effect described as “deep introspection and insight” and your high last _____ hours.
3mg/kg
Up to 8 to 10 hour duration
_______ religion consists of four principal deities: the trinity of Corn, Blue Deer, Peyote, and the Eagle.
Huichol
____ is one of the most common ornamental group of cacti and is used in healing ceremonies by Peruvian shamans.
Trichocereus
What is the family of the 3 types of lysergic acid plants?
Morning Glory
Ipomoea spp., Turbina corymbosa, Argyreia nervosa - Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
What two species of lysergic acid plants come from the aztec ololiuqui?
Ipomoea spp., Turbina corymbosa
True or False: Hawaiian baby woodrose is not from hawaii
true, first in india
_____ has 5-10g of seeds ingested, ___ has 1-10 seeds ingested, ____ has 4-8 seed ingested
ipomoea spp.,
Turbina corymbosa,
Argyreia nervosa - Hawaiian Baby Woodrose
______ is a fungus grows on rye and other cereals, and produces alkaloids that can cause ______ in humans and other mammals who consume contaminated grains for a long time. (Lysergic acid amide)
Ergot, ergotism
______ poisoning caused convulsions , seizures and spasms, psychosis symptoms which were often interpreted as devil possession
Ergot
True or False: Ergotism was proposed as an explanation of the Salem’s witchcraft accusations during the Salem’s witch trial.
True
Hallucinations caused by ______ are due to disruptions in the normal pathways of sensory stimulation are very different:
LA and LSD
True or False: LSD does not create physical addiction but rather a psychological dependence
True
What are the 4 visual effects of LA and LSD?
- Intensification of color and brightness (shiny and sparkling)
- Moving colorful geometrical patterns (especially when closing the eyes)
- Moving of static surfaces (pulsating or breathing objects or surfaces)
- Objects acquire new textures or become animate
What are the 2 auditory effects if LSD and LA?
Echo-like distortions of sounds,
intensification of music experience.
True or False: Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception and the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions.
True
True or False: Salvia divinorum is only propagated vegetatively and in cultivation, it does not produce seeds.
True
What are the physiological effects of salvia divinorum?
κ-opioid agonist & Dopamine (D2) receptor antagonist
______ was used by Mazatec shamans (Oaxaca, Mexico) for divination, healing, and meditation.
Salvia divinorum
Maria Sabina
Since when has salvia been banned?
Since Aug 2015 Salvia divinorum was placed on
Schedule IV of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.
What are the 6 common effects of salvia divinorum?
Temporal distortion (e.g. revisiting memories)
Sensations of being pulled or twisted by forces
Visions of various two-dimensional surfaces
Merging with or becoming objects or creatures
Overlapping realities
Impairment of coordination
What 5 things are being renewed in studies about the use of psychedelics treating illnesses?
addiction;
depression;
anxiety;
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD);
terminal stages of various diseases.
