Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Anatomy > Lecture 9: Small Animal Urogenital > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Small Animal Urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

What is your landmark for the right gutter

A

Descending duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To expose the right kidney, right adrenal, right ovary and right limb of the pancreas what must you move

A

Descending duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does the right kidney sit more cranial or caudal, compared to the left

A

Cranial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What structure can the right kidney be hiding under

A

Caudate lobe of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What structure could the right adrenal gland be sitting under

A

Caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ vein and ___vena cava can be better visualized when the R gutter is retracted

A

Portal vein and caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the landmark for the left gutter

A

Descending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

To expose left kidney, left adrenal and left ovary what must you retract

A

Descending colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The left kidney is lateral to the ___ and under the left ____vein

A

Lateral to the caudal vena cava and under the left phrenicoabdominal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The renal vessels and ureter are located on the ___ aspect of the kidney

A

Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The ureters course ___to the bladder

A

Caudally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The adrenal glands sit ___- relative to kidneys

A

Cranial medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the renal artery branch off of

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what vein does the adrenal vein drain into

A

Phrenicoabdominal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is indicated by the black circles

A

Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the ureters attach

A

Dorsal aspect of the bladder on the trichone/ ureterovesicular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The uterus sits ___ to the bladder

A

Dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what structure might obscure the urinary trigone in males

A

Prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The urinary bladder apex is cranial or caudal

A

Cranial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structures are contained within the spermatic cord

A

Testicular artery, vein and nerve, surrounded by vaginal tunic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Identify 1-3

A
  1. Pampiniform plexus
  2. Ductus deferens
  3. Vaginal tunic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the testicular artery branch off of

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does the testicular vein branch off of

A

Caudal vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The contents of the spermatic cord pass through what structure to course down towards the testicle

A

Inguinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does the vasculature that supplies the male and female urogenital system come from

A

Dorsal aspect off the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Do you want to do a cystotomy on the dorsal or ventral aspect and why

A

Ventral, less vasculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What connects the ovaries to the body wall

A

Suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What ligament do you want to break off during spay to allow for better visualization

A

Suspensory ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What vein and artery do you need to ligate during spay

A

Uterine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What structure is a swelling of the caudal uterine body

A

Cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What ligament attaches ovary to the uterine horn

A

Proper ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

During spay where do you you want to place hemostat to hold the ovary in place

A

Proper ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If you are unsure whether you grabbed the ureter or the uterine horn how can you differentiate between the two

A

Tract back Caudally and see if you see the bifurcation of the uterine Horn, if not you have the ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is being held by the hemostat

A

proper ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

identify 1-3

A
  1. Suspensory ligament
  2. Vascular pedicle
  3. Uterine horn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what ligament is this

A

Broad ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what does the broad ligament do

A

Supports the uterus and ovaries. Attaches uterus to body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the red arrow pointing to

A

Round ligament

39
Q

What ligament provides a tight band of tension that can be broken down to increase exposure during spays

A

Round ligament

40
Q

What is the black arrow pointing to

A

uterine artery

41
Q

What is indicated by the asterisks

A

Mineralized opacity in the urinary bladder, potential stone

42
Q

what is indicated by the white arrows

A

Urethral stones

43
Q

Where should you make your incision for cystotomy and why

A

Ventral aspect of bladder to avoid vessels and ureters

44
Q

What do you want to do after you scope out bladder stones

A

Flush normograde and retrograde

45
Q

What is indicated by the arrow and how should it be approached during cystotomy

A

Arrow: caudal superficial epigastric vessel
During cystotomy best to make incision on either side but if not possible can cut through it and Lbi ate

46
Q

What is the holding layer for cystotomy closure

A

Submucosa

47
Q

What is indicated by the yellow arrows

A

Struvite bladder stones, magnesium stones that appear smooth on rads

48
Q

What is the most common stone type

A

Struvite

49
Q

___induced stones are more common in dogs

A

UTI

50
Q

Sterile Struvite stones are more common in what species

A

Cats

51
Q

What pH do Struvite stones tend to form in

A

Alkaline urine with pH >6.5-7.1

52
Q

What pH do calcium stones tend to form in

A

Acidic urine

53
Q

What stones can you use dietary dissolution

A

Magnesium (not calcium)

54
Q

How long can dietary dissolution of stones take and what should you be doing in meantime

A

Can take 8 weeks, repeat rads every 4 weeks, monitor for urethral obstruction

55
Q

Up to __% of urine samples in normal dogs have Struvite crystals

A

50%

56
Q

T or F: crystalluria is always an indicator of stone formation

A

False! 50% of normal dogs have crystals in their urine so important to ask about urinary behavior and perform rads

57
Q

How does voiding urohydropropulsion work

A

Fill bladder with saline and express stones out

Only works for stones < 5mm and in dogs >8kg

58
Q

Case example: 9yr, FI KCCS with 1 week lethargy, decrease appetite, PU/PD, febrile, increase HR and RR. Mildly tense on abdominal palpation, abdomen feels distended and doughy. CBC shows marked neutrophilia with left shift, chem shows hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. UA=1.010, pH=7, bacteriuria and pyuria. The following x-ray was taken. What is the problem

A

pyometra

59
Q

When can pregnancy be detected by palpating vesicles

A

25-35 days

60
Q

In pregnant small animal, uterine swelling can be seen on radiographs when

A

21-45 days

61
Q

When can calcification of skeletal structures be seen during pregnancy

A

Day 45

62
Q

When can gestational sacs be seen on ultrasound

A

As early as 20-22 but easier to see by day 25 with heartbeat

63
Q

What are you looking for in ultrasound of suspected pyometra

A

Placing prob on ventral aspect, visualize bladder and then look dorsal to bladder to find uterus and note an anechoic fluid filled structures

64
Q

What is the following ultrasound indicative of

A

Pyometra

65
Q

When does pyometra typically present after estrus

A

2-4 months

66
Q

At what age is pyometra typically diagnosed

A

> 7

67
Q

What bacteria is commonly cultured in pyometra

A

E. Coli

68
Q

What type of pyometra has purulent vaginal discharge

A

Open cervix pyometra

69
Q

What type of pyometra may have no vaginal discharge and are more systemically ill

A

Closed cervix pyometra

70
Q

What is the survival rate of pyometra with surgery

A

95%

71
Q

What is the survival rate of pyometra with surgery if there is a uterine rupture

A

50%

72
Q

What is the survival rate of pyometra with medical management

A

85% with 30% recurrence

73
Q

When is breeding recommended if pursuing medical management of pyometra

A

Next cycle

74
Q

What is the treatment for pyometra

A

Ovariohysterectomy

75
Q

What percent of dogs and cats are cryptochorid

A

15% dogs and 1% cats

76
Q

When are testicles palpable in scrotum

A

6-8 weeks

77
Q

What side/testicle descends first

A

Left

78
Q

What side is cryptorchidism more common on

A

Right for inguinal and abdominal

79
Q

For large breed dogs is inguinal or abdominal cryptorchidism more common

A

Abdominal

80
Q

What are cryptorchidism patients at greater risk for

A

Intrabdominal testicular torsion and neoplasia

81
Q

Neuter before ___yrs old is recommended

A

5 yrs

82
Q

T or F: cryptorchidism is heritable and therefore breeding is not recommended

A

True

83
Q

What is a good method to use to find undescended testicle

A

Find the prostate and then the ductus deferens and trace it

84
Q

When performing a rectal exam, what structures would you mainly feel in an Intact male at the tip of your finger

A

Prostate, Trigone of bladder (potential stones)

85
Q

During a rectal exam when you flip finger ventrally to palpate dorsally what structures are you examining

A

LN, aortic pulse, and LS pain

86
Q

When doing a rectal exam and examining ventral aspect what you are examining

A

Urethra, check for any masses or stones

87
Q

If you are unable to distinguish between an anal gland abscesses and a fistula what can you do

A

Prescribe antibiotics in both scenarios because that will treat the abscess and temporarily the fistula, but the fistula will come back if just treated with antibiotics because it is immune mediated and therefore needs immunosuppressive drugs

88
Q

What is indicated by the asterisks

A

sublumbar lymphadenopathy that is compressing colon

89
Q

What is indicated by the arrow

A

enlarged prostate that is compressing colon

**some mineralization present in the prostate that can be indicative of metastatic neoplasia

90
Q

What is the site of a simple abdominocentesis

A

On linea alba, 1-2cm caudal to umbilicus

91
Q

If unable to obtain fluid from simple abdominocentesis what can you do

A

4 quadrant abdominocentesis around umbilicus

92
Q

what is indicated by the red circle

A

L7/S1 spondylosis

93
Q

During a rectal exam, what surface would you palpate to evaluate sublumbar lymphadenopathy

A

Dorsal aspect

94
Q

During a rectal exam what surface do you palpate to examine prostomegaly

A

Ventral/midline

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions