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Clinical Anatomy > Lecture 4: Small animal Tarsus and Paw > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Small animal Tarsus and Paw Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ungual crest

A

Thin shelf of bone on the distal phalanx

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2
Q

What is the ungual process

A

The curved conical extension of the distal phalanx into the claw

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3
Q

What is the unguis

A

Keratinized nail

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4
Q

identify 1-6

A
  1. Trochlea
  2. Talus
  3. Central tarsal bone
  4. Tarsal bones I-Iv
  5. Calcaneus
  6. Calcaneal tuber
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5
Q

Is the trochlea of the talus medial or lateral

A

Medial

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6
Q

What does the trochlea of the talus articulate with

A

Tibia

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7
Q

What does the central bone articulate with

A

Talus and tarsal bones 1-3

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8
Q

What does the 4th tarsal bone articulate with

A

Calcaneus

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9
Q

Identify 1-8

A
  1. Central tarsal bone
  2. Calcaneal tuber
  3. Calcaneus
  4. Talus
  5. Central tarsal bone
  6. Tarsal II
  7. Tarsal I
  8. Metatarsal I
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10
Q

identify 1-9

A
  1. Fibula
  2. Tibia
  3. Calcaneal
  4. Talus
  5. Central bone
  6. IV tarsal
  7. I tarsal
  8. I metatarsal
  9. II metatarsal
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11
Q

identify 1-5

A
  1. Trochlea of talus
  2. Central bone
  3. Tarsals 1-III
  4. Calcaneus
  5. 4th tarsal bone
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12
Q

identify 1-6

A
  1. Trochlea of talus
  2. Central bone
  3. Tarsals 1-III
  4. Metatarsals
  5. Calcaneus
  6. 4th tarsal bone
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13
Q

Identify 1-9

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. IV tarsal
  3. Metatarsal V
  4. Metatarsal IV
  5. Metatarsal III
  6. Metatarsal II
  7. Central bone
  8. Talus
  9. Medial tibial malleolus
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14
Q

Identify 1-7

A
  1. Tibia
  2. Trochlea of talus
  3. Talus
  4. Metatarsals
  5. Tarsals I-III
  6. Central bone and 4th tarsal bone
  7. Calcaneus
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15
Q

identify 1-10

A
  1. Calcaneus
  2. Talus
  3. Central bone and 4th tarsal bone
  4. Tarsals I-III
  5. Tibial cochlea
  6. Metatarsals
  7. Tibiatrochlear/ tarsocrural joint
  8. Proximal intertarsal joint
  9. Distal intertarsal joint
  10. Tarsometatarsal joint
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16
Q

Identify 1-15 and arrows proximal to distal

A
  1. Tibia
  2. Fibula
  3. Medial malleolus of tibia
  4. Lateral malleolus of fibula
  5. Tibial cochlea
  6. Talus
  7. Calcaneus
  8. Calcaneal tuber
  9. Sustentaculum tali
  10. Central tarsal bone
  11. Tarsal I
  12. Tarsal II
  13. Tarsal III
  14. Tarsal IV
  15. Metatarsal V

Arrows: proximal to distal
1. Proximal intertarsal joint
2. Distal intertarsal joint
3. Tarsometatarsal joint

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17
Q

Case: 2yr, NM DSH rear foot stepped on by owner, acutely lame and painful over metatarsal bones, non-weight bearing. Following X-ray was taken what is wrong and what could be some treatment options

A

Fracture to metacarpals II-V

Tx: pins, plate, splint

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18
Q

What are the 4 tarsal joints

A
  1. Tarsocrural/tibiotarsal joint
  2. Proximal intertarsal joint
  3. Distal intertarsal joint
  4. Tarsometatarsal joint
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19
Q

What is the major joint for motion in the tarsus

A

Tarsocrural joint

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20
Q

What does the proximal intertarsal joint join

A

Talus and central/4th bone

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21
Q

What does distal intertarsal joint join

A

Central bone and tarsal bones I-IV

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22
Q

What tarsal joints don’t have movement

A

Proximal, distal and Tarsometatarsal

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23
Q

Identify the following joint spades 1-4

A
  1. Tarsocrural
  2. Tarsometatarsal
  3. Proximal intertarsal
  4. Distal intertarsal
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24
Q

Case: 1yr, MN, lab with intermittent right rear lameness, worse after activity, sore after rest, tarsus is thickened, painful on flexion and extension. The following X-ray is taken, what is wrong

A

Osteochondrosis dissecans of the medial trochlear ridge of the talus (most common place for OCD of tarsus)

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25
Q

What is osteochondrosis dissecans

A

Fragment of articular cartilage that never formed to bone breaks off and causes inflammation and irritation of surrounding joint/tissues

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26
Q

Osteochondrosis dissecans in most common in….

A

Young, rapidly growing large breed dogs

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27
Q

Does the following X-ray show normal or abnormal medial trochlear ridge of tarsus/OCD

A

normal, trochlear ridge nicely fits in with medial malleolus of tibia

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28
Q

which CT is abnormal and what is the problem

A

Left: Normal
Right: abnormal- OCD on medial trochlear ridge of tarsus

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29
Q

What species stands digitigrade

A

Canines, felines, birds

30
Q

What species stand plantigrade

A

Bears, rabbits, raccoons, red pandas, skunks, kangaroos

31
Q

What species stand unguligrade

A

Horses, cows, deer, and other hoofed animals

32
Q

What is the common Calcanean tendon composed of

A

Gastronemius tendon and superficial digital flexor tendon

Insert on calcaneus

33
Q

A rupture of the calcanean tendon results in what type of stance

A

Plantigrade

34
Q

What muscles make up the common tendon

A

Gracillis, semitendinosus, bicep femoris

35
Q

What is indicated by asterisks, black arrow, and red arrow

A

asterisks: common Calcaneal tendon
Black arrow: Superficial digital flexor
Red arrow: gastrocnemius tendon

36
Q

What extra muscle do cats have that joins with the calcaneus

A

Soleus

37
Q

what muscle is indicated by #2 and what species is this

A

2-soleus

Species=cat

38
Q

Case: 6yr, FS spaniel acute right rear limb lameness, plantigrade stance, pain on flexion and extension of tarsus, pain on extension of the stifle, swelling noted over the calcaneus. What is a potential cause

A

Ruptured Calcaneal tendon

39
Q

A rupture of the Calcaneal tendon results in hyperflexion or hyperextension

A

Hyperflexion

40
Q

What is 1-2 and what ligaments attach there

A
  1. Lateral malleolus of the fibula
  2. Medial malleolus of tibia

Tarsal Lateral and medial collateral ligaments attach here

41
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments

A

Stabilize tarsal joints- particularly non-mobile joints like proximal, distal and tarsometartsal

42
Q

Identify 1-2

A
  1. Medial collateral ligament
  2. Lateral collateral ligament
43
Q

Case: 4yr, NM, Boxer running this AM and acutely non-weight bearing lame, painful on painful on palpation of the left rear foot. The following x-ray was taken, what is wrong and what are some potential tx options

A

Problem is with proximal intertarsal joint- subluxation due to torn tarsal collateral ligaments

Tx: pin because joints are supposed to be immobile normally so not losing motion

44
Q

Case: 6yr, NM Beagle missing 2 days came home not using RHL and open wound on medial aspect of right tarsus. The following X-ray was taken what is wrong

A

Tarsal valgus- rupture of medial collateral ligament- subluxation and bone fragment also present

45
Q

identify #1

A
  1. Tarsal fibrocartilage
46
Q

What is the function of the tarsal fibrocartilage

A

Prevent hyperFLEXION of tarsus and immobilize

47
Q

In the carpus, the function of the carpal fibrocartilage is

A

Prevent hyperEXTENSION

48
Q

Identify the nerves 1-4

A
  1. Sciatic
  2. Tibial
  3. Superficial peroneal nerve
  4. Deep peroneal nerve
49
Q

What are the two main branches off the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial and fibula (peroneal)

50
Q

What nerve innervates the cranial tibial muscle

A

Fibular

51
Q

What nerve innervates the peroneus Longus

A

Fibular

52
Q

What nerve innervates the superficial digital flexor

A

Tibial

53
Q

What nerve innervates the deep digital flexor

A

Tibial

54
Q

What nerve innervates the gastrocnemius

A

Tibial

55
Q

What nerve innervates the long digital extensor

A

Fibular

56
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral digital extensor

A

Fibular

57
Q

What nerve innervates muscles that flex the hock

A

Fibular

58
Q

What nerve innervates muscles that extend the hock

A

Tibial

59
Q

What nerve innervates digital extensors

A

Fibular

60
Q

What nerve innervates digital flexors

A

Tibial

61
Q

Identify 1-3

A
  1. Dorsal pedal
  2. Medial saphenous
  3. Lateral saphenous
62
Q

What is the dorsal pedal artery clinically useful for

A

Direct BP via arterial line

63
Q

What species uses the medial saphenous for blood draws

A

Cats

64
Q

What species uses the lateral saphenous for blood draws and catheter placements

A

Dogs

65
Q

Would you want to do a tarsal arthrocentesis on the extensor or flexor surface and why

A

Extensor surface, can flex joint and increase size of extensor surface

66
Q

Where do you want to insert needle for brachial plexus block

A

Medial to scapula, lateral to ribcage

Enter from cranial side

67
Q

What are the two functions of the sesamoid bones

A
  1. Redistribute forces to relieve tension
  2. Provide a smooth surface for tendons
68
Q

what joint is luxated

A

Tarsometatarsal

69
Q

what joint is luxated

A

Tarsometarsal

70
Q

What ligament is torn and what is the result

A

Medial collateral ligament, resulting in tarsal valgus

71
Q

How would you describe this finding

A

Tarsal hyperflexion
Plantigrade stance

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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