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Clinical Anatomy > Lecture 5: Small Animal Coxofemoral Joint and Pelvis > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Small Animal Coxofemoral Joint and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What four bones make up the pelvis

A

Ilium, pubis, acetabulum, ischium

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2
Q

identify bones 1-4

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Acetabulum
  4. Pubis
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3
Q

What is the purpose of the box like structure of the pelvis

A

To provide integrity to the caudal half of the body

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4
Q

What important structure runs over the greater ischiatic notch

A

Sciatic

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4
Q

Why are bone fractures/injuries to the pelvis more dangerous than other bones

A

Many structures pass through the pelvis so there can be further damage internally

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5
Q

Identify #1

A

Greater ischiatic notch

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6
Q

What structure is easily palpable on the proximal end of the femur

A

Greater trochanter

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7
Q

Where does the ligament of the femoral head attach

A

Fovea on femur and acetabulum on pelvis

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8
Q

Identify structures 1-7

A
  1. Head of femur
  2. Neck of femur
  3. Lesser trochanter
  4. Greater trochanter
  5. Trochanteric fossa
  6. Fovea
    7.neck of femur
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9
Q

Identify 1-12 and what is indicated by the red arrow

A
  1. Iliac crest
  2. Sacroiliac joint
  3. Body of ilium
  4. Acetabulum
  5. Ischium
  6. Ischiatic tuberosity
  7. Pubis
  8. Obturator foramen
  9. Femoral head
  10. Greater trochanter
    11.intertrochanteric crest
  11. Dorsal rim of acetabulum

Red arrow: colon with feces

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10
Q

What is indicated by arrows 1-3

A
  1. Sacroiliac joint
  2. Sacrum
  3. Obturator foramen
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11
Q

What is indicated by the red, green and blue circles

A

red: femoral head- capital physis
Green: greater trochanter growth plate
Blue: distal femur growth plate

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12
Q

What 3 structures stabilize the coxofemoral joint

A

Joint capsule, muscular sling, ligament of the head of the femur

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13
Q

If the ligament of the head of the femur is torn is the joint still stable?

A

Yes, the muscular sling and joint capsule can stabilize the coxofemoral joint

Ex: FHO

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14
Q

identify 1-3

A
  1. Acetabulum
  2. Femoral head
  3. Ligament of the head of the femur
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15
Q

What is indicated by 1-2 yellow arrows

A
  1. Greater trochanter
  2. Fovea
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16
Q

What muscles are the hip extensors

A
  1. Hamstrings (bicep femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus)
  2. Deep gluteal
  3. Middle gluteal
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17
Q

What muscles are hip flexors

A
  1. Iliacus, iliopsoas, rectus femoris
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18
Q

Where does the iliacus cross over and insert

A

Crosses over: cranioventral ilium
Insert: lesser trochanter

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the iliacus

A

Femoral

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20
Q

Where does the iliopsoas originate and insert

A

Origin: 4-6th vertebrae
Insert: lesser trochanter

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21
Q

What nerve innervates the iliopsoas

A

Femoral

22
Q

Identify 1-4

A
  1. Middle gluteal
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Semitendinosus
  4. Bicep femoris
23
Q

identify 1-2

A
  1. Psoas major
  2. Iliacus
24
Q

identify #1

A
  1. Rectus femoris
25
Q

Rectus femoris is typically a stifle extensor but what other movement does it perform and how is that achieved

A

Flexes hip, able to do so due to high attachment of muscle

26
Q

What are the hip rotators

A
  1. Quadratus femoris
  2. Gemellus
  3. Internal Obturator
  4. External Obturator
27
Q

Case example: Macbeth 7yr, NM Siamese HBC at 2yr no sx performed, obstinate for past 6 months. Follow X-ray was taken, what is wrong

A

Build up of feces in the colon.

Acetabulum abnormality result of HBC at 2yr, healing fairly well given no surgery but there is a closing of the pelvic canal not allowing for feces to pass through

28
Q

Not all pelvic fractures need to be fixed, what are the 3 scenarios in which a pelvic fracture requires surgery

A
  1. Affecting weight bearing structures like the femur, acetabulum, wing of ilium, and SI joint
  2. Pelvic canal narrows > 45%
  3. Evidence of neurological injury
29
Q

identify the problem in this X-ray does this require surgery

A

Fracture of ischium
Does not require surgery since non weightbearing

30
Q

What is wrong here and does this require surgery

A

Acetabulum fracture, requires surgery because weight bearing

31
Q

What is wrong here and what caused it

A

Coxofemoral luxation due to a torn ligament of femoral head and joint capsule

32
Q

Case example: 3mo, FI kitten, stray. Presents in shock, severely hypotensive, can’t palpate peripheral vessels well due to hypotension and small size. What is an alternative way to administer fluid

A

Intraosseous catheter placement

33
Q

What structure are you aiming for when placing an IO catheter

A

Trochanteric fossa

34
Q

Case example: 4yr, FS, Golden with chronic stiffness getting up from rest, improves after few minutes, sore after long activity, NSAIDs help. following X-ray was taken, what is the problem

A

Hip dysplasia

35
Q

What factors contribute to hip dysplasia

A

Genetics, nutrition, body weight, rate of growth

36
Q

Too much movement/laxity in hip dysplasia can cause what

A

Secondary OA

37
Q

What are some characteristics commonly seen on X-rays of patients with hip dysplasia

A
  1. Flattening of the femoral heads
  2. Thickening of femoral neck
  3. Acetabular remodeling
  4. Osteophytes
38
Q

What abnormality is present that would be indicative of hip dysplasia

A

Neck connecting to femur is thickened, less pronounced

39
Q

Identify the abnormalities present here

A

subluxated coxofemoral joint but also hip dysplasia, degenerative joint changes

40
Q

Identify abnormalities

A

No abnormalities present, femoral head is round and smooth, ligament and acetabulum are healthy

41
Q

identify the abnormalities

A

Femoral head is flattening/straight edge from rubbing against acetabulum

42
Q

Identify the abnormalities

A

Aggressive flattening of femoral head, also danger active changes along the distal aspect of the femoral head

Subluxation, hip dysplasia

43
Q

Case example: 8mo, FS, Doberman got LHL caught and acutely non-weight bearing lame, pain and crepitus on manipulation of left hip. The following X-ray was taken wha this the problem

A

Capitis physeal fracture
Notice the head of the femur is not perfectly aligned with the rest

44
Q

What are some treatment options for a capitis physeal fracture

A

Pin or can do FHO as the muscles and joint capsule can stabilize hip

45
Q

Case example: 1yr, FS, West Highland Terrier with stiffness on RHL for 2-3 days, no known trauma, painful with crepitus on manipulation of right hip. The following X-ray was taken, what is the problem

A

aseptic necrosis of the femoral head

46
Q

When does aseptic necrosis of femoral head typically occur and in what breeds

A

Between 4-11 months in mini poodles, Westies and other terriers

47
Q

What is the treatment for aseptic necrosis of the femoral head

A

FHO

48
Q

Case example: 1yr, NM, DSH acutely lame LHL, unknown if any trauma, painful on manipulation of both hips. The following X-ray was taken what is the problem

A

Capital physeal dysplasia

49
Q

What is wrong in this X-ray

A

capital physeal dysplasia

50
Q

What causes capital physeal dysplasia

A

Persistently open growth plates that become weak and disorganized

51
Q

Where is an appropriate spot for a forelimb bone marrow aspirate

A

Deltoid tuberosity

52
Q

What is an appropriate spot for a hindlimb bone marrow aspirate

A

Wing of ilium

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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