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Clinical Anatomy > Lecture 3: Small Animal Shoulder and Brachium > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Small Animal Shoulder and Brachium Flashcards

1
Q

Identify 1-5

A
  1. Acromion
  2. Spine
  3. Cranial border
  4. Supraspinous fossa
  5. Scapular notch
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2
Q

identify 1-6

A
  1. Cranial border
  2. Coracoid process
  3. Supraglenoid tubercle
  4. Acromion
  5. Infraglenoid tubercle
  6. Glenoid cavity
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3
Q

What are the most palpable structures on scapula

A

Acromion and spine

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4
Q

where does the humerus articulate with the scapula

A

Glenoid cavity

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5
Q

identify 1-11

A
  1. Lesser tubercle
  2. Intertubuercular groove
  3. Greater tubercle
  4. Head
  5. Head
  6. Lesser tubercle
  7. Medial epicondyle
  8. Lateral epicondyle
  9. Capitulum
  10. Supratochlear foramen
  11. Trochlea
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6
Q

How can you determine which structure is medial vs lateral epicondyle

A

On a cranial view the lateral epicondyle is above the capitulum whereas the medial epicondyle is above the trochlea

On the caudal view you can’t see capitulum and trochela but medial will be on right side and lateral on left side

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7
Q

How do you tell the difference between the capitulum and trochlea of humerus

A

Trochlea hangs lower on the medial side over ulna

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8
Q

What is endochondral ossification

A

Cartilage hardens/calcifies to form bone

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9
Q

What are osteochondrosis lesions

A

Failure of immature cartilage to form bone.

Leads to abnormal cartilage thickening, death, fissures, and flaps in the cartilage

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10
Q

Osteochondrosis lesions are most common in

A

Young, rapidly growing large breed dogs

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11
Q

What is osteochondrosis dissecans

A

Inflammatory condition when disease cartilage separates from the bone and there is failure of the cartilage and bone interface

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12
Q

What is wrong

A

Osteochondrosis lesions

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13
Q

What is wrong here

A

Osteochondrosis dissecans

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14
Q

which X-ray is abnormal and what is the problem

A

Left: Normal
Right: abnormal- osteochondrosis dissecans

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15
Q

which X-ray is normal and which is abnormal and what is the problem

A

Left: normal
Right: abnormal- osteochondritis dissecans

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16
Q

Rotator cuff injuries is a result of what

A

OCD flap

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17
Q

Shoulder arthroscopy: what is indicated by the red and green arrows

A

Red: OCD flap
Green: inflammation

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18
Q

Explain why once you remove OCD flap in shoulder why you would want to cause additional irritation and bleeding

A

Promote healing- blood will bring healing factors

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19
Q

What are the stabilizing muscles of the shoulder

A

Medial: subscapularis and coroacobrachialis
Lateral: supraspinatus, infrapsinatus, teres minor

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20
Q

Besides the muscles of the shoulder what other structures stabilize the shoulder

A

Joint capsule, biceps brachii tendon, medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments

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21
Q

Identify 1-3 and is this a medial or lateral view

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Supraspinatus
  3. Coracobrachialis

Medial view

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22
Q

Identify 1-4 and is this a medial or lateral view and how do you know

A
  1. Teres minor
  2. Infraspinatus
  3. Supraspinatus
  4. Biceps brachii tendon

Lateral view: can tell because of spine

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23
Q

Identify 1-4 and is this a medial or lateral view

A
  1. Medial glenohumeral ligament
  2. Joint capsule
  3. Supraspinatus
  4. Biceps brachii tendon

Medial view: no spine

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24
Q

Identify 1 and 2 and which view is lateral vs medial

A

Left: lateral
Right: medial
1. Biceps tendon
2. Lateral and medial glenohumeral ligaments

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25
Q

Identify the circled area

A

Intertubercular groove with bicep tendon passing through

26
Q

Where does the biceps originate

A

Supraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula

27
Q

What does the bicep tendon do to shoulder and elbow

A

Extends shoulder and flexes elbow

28
Q

What is bicep tenosynovitis

A

Inflammatory condition with disruption of the tendon fibers

29
Q

How can you manipulate the shoulder and elbow to determine if patient has biceps tenosynovitis

A

Pain on full flexion of shoulder and extension of elbow

30
Q

what manipulation is being performed here and what does it test for

A

Extension of shoulder and flexion of elbow

Testing bicep muscles for biceps tenosynovitis

31
Q

What is the main muscle that attaches shoulder and thorax muscles

A

Serratus ventralis

32
Q

What are some minor muscles that contribute to the attachment of the shoulder and thorax

A

Rhomboideus, trapezius and omotransversarius

33
Q

Identify 1-2

A
  1. Rhomboideus
  2. Serratus ventralis
34
Q

What is synsarcosis

A

No ligament or bony attachments, just muscular

35
Q

The shoulder is a ___ attachment to the thorax

A

Synsarcosis

36
Q

Identify 1-3

A
  1. Rhomboideus
  2. Serratus ventralis (crevices)
  3. Serratus ventralis (thoracis)
37
Q

Identify 1 and 2

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Omotransversarius
38
Q

What is wrong here

A

Scapula luxation

39
Q

What is a scapula luxation

A

Disruption of scapular muscle attachments

40
Q

what is wrong here

A

Scapula luxation

41
Q

what is wrong here, which side is affected

A

Right side has a scapula luxation- can identify because right side is farther removed from thorax therefore there was damage to the Serratus ventralis and other shoulder stabilizer muscles

42
Q

identify 1-2

A
  1. Prescapular lymph node
  2. Axillary lymph node
43
Q
  1. identify the pathology and
  2. what are the main structures that keep this from happening
A
  1. elbow luxation
  2. Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

When luxated get torn

44
Q

which side is medial and how do you know

A

B, because the trochlea of the humerus is on the medial side and hangs slightly over the ulna

45
Q

Which species has a supratrochlear foramen and what runs through this foramen

A

Dogs, nothing runs through

46
Q

What does the supratrochlear foramen articulate with

A

Anconeal process

47
Q

What species has a Supra-condyloid foramen ad what runs through this foramen

A

Cats and median nerve and brachial artery run through

48
Q

Which one is the shoulder flexor surface

49
Q

1.What structure is the arrow pointing at
2. What attaches at that structure

A
  1. Olecranon
  2. Triceps
50
Q

What are the arrows pointing at

A

fragmented medial coronoid process

51
Q

which one is carpus flexor surface

52
Q

What lymph nodes are palpable at 1-5

A
  1. submandibular
  2. Prescapular
  3. Axillary
  4. Inguinal
  5. Popliteal
53
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate

A

Triceps and carpal extensors

54
Q

What does the median and ulnar nerve innervate

A

Carpal flexors

55
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

56
Q

what is this structure and why is it important

A

Palmar carpal fibrocartialge, important for stabilizing wrist- makes radiocarpal/intermediate and carpometacarpal joints immobile

57
Q

Which one is the elbow flexor surface

58
Q

How would you describe this deformity

A

Carpal valgus

59
Q
  1. What is the name of the carpal bone indicated by the green arrow
  2. Which digit is the red arrow
A
  1. Radiocarpal/ intermediate
  2. 3rd
60
Q

what artery is indicated by 3 and why is it clinically useful

A

Median artery, used for indirect BP

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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