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Clinical Anatomy > Food Animal Lecture 3: Musculoskeletal and Thorax > Flashcards

Food Animal Lecture 3: Musculoskeletal and Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What is the area of auscultation, defined by the caudal and cranial border

A

Caudal border: from dorsal to ventral Rib 11, 9, 7, and 5

Cranial border: scapula and humerus

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2
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve auscultated

A

Left sided, 3rd intercostal space between shoulder and elbow

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3
Q

Where is the aortic valve auscultated

A

Left side, 4th intercostal space level with shoulder

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4
Q

Where is the left AV (mitral) valve auscultated

A

Left side, 5th intercostal space between shoulder and elbow

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5
Q

Where is the right AV (tricuspid) valve auscultated

A

Right side, 3rd intercostal space between shoulder and elbow

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6
Q

What is abaxial

A

Outside

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7
Q

What is axial

A

Inside

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8
Q

what is the red arrow pointing to

A

Heel bulbs

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9
Q

What is indicated by the red arrow

A

Abaxial groove

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10
Q

Label 1-2

A
  1. White line
  2. Sole
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11
Q

What does the white line separate

A

Lateral hoof wall and sole

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12
Q

Label 1-6

A
  1. Hoof wall
  2. Corium
  3. DIP/coffin joint
  4. Navicular bone
  5. P3/coffin bone
  6. Digital cushion
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13
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Periploic corium
  2. Parietal Corium
  3. Lamellar corium
  4. Solar corium
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14
Q

What corium produces the soft epidermis of the coronary band and expands palmarly to produce bulb of heel

A

Perioplic

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15
Q

What corium produces the hoof wall

A

Parietal corium

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16
Q

What corium anchors claw to coffin bone and produces keratin when injured

A

Lamellar corium

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17
Q

What corium produces keratinized sole

A

Solar corium

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18
Q

What is indicated by the orange circle

A

Coronary cushion

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19
Q

What is the blood pump for the foot

A

Coronary cushion

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20
Q

What is indicated by the blue outline

A

Digital cushion

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21
Q

What is the purpose of the digital cushion

A

Shock absorption

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22
Q

How much does the dorsal hoof wall grow/month

A

0.5cm/month

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23
Q

How long is the dorsal hoof wall normally

A

7.5cm

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24
Q

How much does the hoof bulb grow/month

A

1.0cm

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25
Q

Hoof growth is more rapid on what type of diet

A

Grain

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26
Q

How thick is the sole

A

6-10mm

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27
Q

How long does it take for corium to grow hoof to the ground

A

6-8 weeks

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28
Q

What is the weight bearing surface of the hoof

A

Wall and adjacent 2-3mm sole

29
Q

What part of the sole is self-cleaning and not designed for weight

A

Concave sole

30
Q

In the front hooves which digit is the weight shifted on

A

Medial»lateral

31
Q

In the rear hooves which digit is the weight shifted on

A

Lateral»medial

32
Q

90% of lameness occurs where

A

In the foot

33
Q

What bones make up the metacarpus/tarsus

A

Fused 3rd and 4th bones

34
Q

What are the fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal/tarsal bones also known as

A

Cannon bone

35
Q

What is a sequestrum

A

Bone infection as a result of a laceration

36
Q

What is the arrow pointing at

A

sequestrum

37
Q

What are the vestigial bones in the carpus

38
Q

What are the vestigial bones in the tarsus

39
Q

What is the veterinary term for long pastern

40
Q

What is the veterinary term for short pastern

41
Q

What is the veterinary term for the coffin bone

42
Q

Label 1-5

A
  1. Proximal sesamoid bone
  2. P1
  3. P2
  4. P3
  5. Navicular bone/distal seasamoid
43
Q

What phalanges serve as the vestigial declaws

A

2nd and 5th

44
Q

What is circled

A

declaws, 2nd and 5th phalanges

45
Q

What is indicated in blue and green

A

Both are annular ligaments
Blue: proximal/palmar
Green: distal/digital

46
Q

What is indicated in orange and red

A

Both are interdigital (cruciate) ligaments
Orange: proximal
Red: distal

47
Q

What are these

A

Digital extensor tendons

48
Q

What are these

A

Digital flexor tendons
SDFT and DDFT

49
Q

Where do ruminants most commonly get tenosynovitis

A

Digital flexor tendons

50
Q

Label 1-4

A
  1. Metacarpophalangeal joint/fetlock
  2. Proximal interphalangeal joint/pastern
  3. Distal interphalangeal joint/coffin
  4. Navicular bursa
51
Q

What is indicated in blue

A

Digital flexor sheath

52
Q

If a ruminant gets an infection in their DDF tendon sheath does it usually cause unilateral or bilateral tenosynovitis

A

Unilateral, the sheaths don’t communicate

53
Q

Where does the DDF tendon sheath end

A

Proximal to navicular bone

54
Q

What are the primary arteries of the cow foot

A
  1. Common digital artery
  2. Terminal arc
55
Q

What is indicated by the red arrows

A

terminal arc

56
Q

What are the primary veins that make up the ruminant foot

A
  1. Common digital vein
  2. Abaxial palmar/plantar digital veins
57
Q

What veins are indicated by 1-2

A
  1. Common digital vein
  2. Abaxial palmar/plantar digital veins
58
Q

What vein is utilized for the Baer block

A

Common digital vein

59
Q

What does the Baer block desensitize

A

Fetlock and below

60
Q

What block is being done here

A

Baer block

61
Q

When doing a digit amputation what ligament do you want to make sure you preserve

A

Proximal interphalangeal cruciate ligament

62
Q

What causes a sole ulcer to occur

A

Solar corium becomes pinched by P3 causing hemorrhage, necrosis, weakness in sole, infection

63
Q

What foot is the block placed on when treating sole ulcers

A

Unaffected claw to elevate the affected claw off ground

64
Q

What can cause white line disease

A

Debris entering hoof in area of white line which separates the lateral hoof wall and the sole

65
Q

What is wrong

A

white line disease

66
Q

What joint is a common entry site for sepsis

A

Coffin joint/DIP

67
Q

Where in the coffin joint is the #1 site of sepsis for beef cattle

A

Interdigital space near axial groove

68
Q

What are some examples of things that can cause the coffin joint to become septic

A

Foot rot, white line separation, puncture, vertical crack of hoof wall, sole ulcer

69
Q

What is the most common physical sign of coffin joint septic arthritis

A

Swelling of the coronary band

Clinical Anatomy (16 decks)

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