Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Lecture 9 Microbial Responses > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Microbial Responses Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ideal growth conditions for a microbe

A

A temperature where all their enzymes are folded properly and working at the optimum rate

Plenty of food

The correct atmosphere for their own type of respiration

Available water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Environmental condition that dictate microbial growth and distribution and habitats of microbes

A

Temperature
pH
Osmolarity (water concentration/availability)
Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does temperature control

A

Chemical and enzymatic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to enzymes and protein when above the maximum temperature

A

Denatured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to the cell membrane when below the minimum temperature

A

May no longer function- required for nutrient transport and energy production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychrophiles have an optimal growth temperature of

A

15 degrees celcius or lower
Found in environments that are constantly cold and rapidly due at room temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Freezing prevents microbial growth but doesn’t always cause what

A

Cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effects of freezing

A

•Dehydration
•Ice crystal formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Above 65 degrees celcius only what exists

A

prokaryotic life (bacteria and archaea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Optimum growth temperature of Hyperthermophiles

A

> 80 degrees celcius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is more thermophilic bacteria or archaea

A

Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to double stranded DNA at high temperature

A

They seperate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the enzymes in Hyperthermophiles that prevents double stranded DNA molecules from separating at high temperature

A

Reverse DNA Gyrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reverse DNA Gyrase is absent in organism that grow below what temperature

A

80 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does pH refer to

A

concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution and is commonly expressed in terms of the pH scale, which is a log scale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Low pH corresponds to

A

high hydrogen ion concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

High pH corresponds to

A

low hydrogen ion concentration.

18
Q

What is the formula for calculating pH

A

pH = -log [H+]

19
Q

Most microorganisms grow best at what pH

A

6-8(Neutrophiles)

20
Q

Acidophiles are ___ loving

A

Acid loving

21
Q

Alkali phones are _____ loving

A

Alkaline loving

22
Q

Internal cell pH must be close to what type of pH

A

Neural between a pH of 5-9

23
Q

What happens to cell macromolecules(enzymes , proteins and nucleic acid) at pH extreme

A

They are destroyed

24
Q

What is osmosis controlled in cells by which membrane

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

25
Q

Define osmosis

A

the diffusion of water from high water concentration (low solute concentration) to low water concentration (high solute concentration.

26
Q

Halophiles are _____ loving

A

NaCl loving

27
Q

Osmophiles can grow in high ____ concentration

A

Sugar concentrations

28
Q

What is commonly used as preservative to inhibit microbial growth

A

•salt
•sugar

29
Q

How do microbes grow under condition of low water availability

A

High NaCl
Low H2O availability
- increase internal solute concentration

30
Q

Compatible solutes are highly _____ soluble

A

Water soluble

31
Q

Microserophiles

A

Grow at reduced O2 concentrations

32
Q

Anaerobes

A

Cannot use oxygen for respiration

33
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Can grow in presence or absence of oxygen

34
Q

Some Gram positive bacteria can form _____ which provide protection from adverse conditions

A

Spores

35
Q

What is the spore in bacteria surrounded by

A

peptidoglycan-rich cortex layer and a keratin-like spore coat.

36
Q

Spores are resistant to

A

•Heat
•Drying,
•Radiation,
•Freezing,
•Toxic chemicals
•Antibiotics &
•Can be difficult to eradicate with standard disinfectants.

37
Q

Spores are involved in the transmission of what diseases

A

anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis

tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani;

botulism, caused by Clostridium botulinum

*gas gangrene, caused by Clostridium perfringens

38
Q

Treatment for B.anthracis- Anthrax

A

•Penicillin
•Ciprofloxacin

39
Q

Anthrax symptoms

A

High fever

Massive swelling

Death

40
Q

Coagulase-negative staphylococci form

A

biofilms or slime on implanted biomaterials and catheters

41
Q

Biofilms form when bacteria adhere to

A

surfaces and excrete
slimy glue-like substances which anchor the cells

42
Q

What are Biofilm resistant to

A

Antimicrobial agents

Microbiology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions