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Microbiology > Lecture 6 Metabolic diversiry > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Metabolic diversiry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All cells need what for their metabolic activities

A

•Carbon
•Energy

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2
Q

Chemical reaction involve the release of what

A

Electrons

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3
Q

Electrons have stored energy and when an atom or molecule loses the electron and becomes oxidised what happens that energy

A

It is released

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4
Q

What is oxidation

A

Atom or molecule loses one or more electrons

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5
Q

What is reduction

A

Atom or molecules gains electrons

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6
Q

Energy generated is stored in the form of what

A

ATP

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7
Q

Example of a simple oxidation reaction

A

Fe2+ ⇋ Fe3+ + e-

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8
Q

What is energy stored as

A

High energy phosphate bond

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9
Q

Inorganic phosphate group in energy is attached to what

A

attached to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

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10
Q

Phosphate is enzymatically removed from ATP to do what

A

Release energy

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11
Q

How do chemotrophs get energy

A

Derive energy from chemicals

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12
Q

What do Chemoorganotrophs use

A

Organic chemicals

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13
Q

What do Chemolithotriphs use

A

Inorganic chemicals

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14
Q

How do Phototrophs get energy

A

Derive energy from light

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15
Q

What are organic chemicals

A

Compounds containing carbon

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16
Q

All cells required what as a major nutrient

A

Carbon

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17
Q

How do Chemoorganotrophs derive energy from organic chemicals

A

•Oxidisation of the compound release electrons which are used to generate ATP
•Electrons have stored energy and when an atom or molecules becomes oxidised the energy is released

18
Q

What are Aerobes

A

Chemoorganotrophs that can only produce energy in the presence of oxygen

19
Q

What are Anaerobes

A

Microbes that can only produce energy in the absence of oxygen

20
Q

What are Facultative anaerobes

A

Microbes that produce energy in the presence or absence of oxygen

21
Q

Function of methanogens in rumen

A

Microbes capable of digesting coarse plant material abd which produce methane as a by product of digestion

22
Q

When are methane reducing feed additives most effective

A

When grain , hay or silage is added to the diet

23
Q

Methane reducing feed additives can be

A

•synthetic chemicals
•natural supplements like tannnins or seaweed
•fats and oils

24
Q

Feeding one type of seaweed at 3% of the diet has resulted in how much of a methane reduction in cattle

A

80% reduction

25
Q

What are Trihalomethanes and give an example

A

•Bromoform
•Active ingredient that decreases methane emissions

26
Q

Benefits of reduced volume of methane formation

A

•Better efficiency of feed utilisation
As methane emissions represent a gross energy loss from feed intake of about 10%

27
Q

Example of Chemolithotrophs

A

•H2
•H2S
•Fe2+

28
Q

Where do Chemolithotrophs obtain carbon from

A

CO2-autotrophy

29
Q

Why is Lithotrophy advantageous

A

Organisms deriving energy from inorganic compounds don’t have to compete with chemoorganotrophs

30
Q

What are Heterotrophs

A

Microbial cells which use one or more organic compounds as their carbon source are called heterotrophs

31
Q

What are Authotrophs

A

Microbial cells which use CO2 as their carbon source are called autotrophs
–CO2 fixation or Calvin cycle

32
Q

Why are Autotrophs called primary producers

A

They produce organic matter from CO2 in the air

33
Q

What is Oxygenic Photosynthesis

A

Oxygen is produced as a bi product

34
Q

What is Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

A

No oxygen is produced

35
Q

Name the pigment in Phototrophic cells

A

•Chlorophylls
•Carotenoids

36
Q

What colour are Chlorophylls

A

Green

37
Q

What is the chlorophyll’s in phototrophic bacteria called

A

bacteriochlorophylls

38
Q

In plant cells where does photosynthesis take place

A

In chloroplasts

39
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in bacteria

A

Specially developed cytoplasmic membrane

40
Q

What colour are Carotenoids

A

•Yellow
•Red
•Brown
•Green

41
Q

What are carotenoids closely associated with

A

bacteriochlorophylls

42
Q

Carotenoids transfer light energy to what

A

bacteriochlorophylls

Microbiology (18 decks)

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