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Microbiology > Lecture 8 Antibiotics > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Survey of ____ and _____ sold in the US supermarket found relatively high levels of antibiotic resistant bacteria

A

•Beef
•Poultry

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2
Q

Antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella are commonly isolate from ______ ____

A

Minced beef

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3
Q

How to treat Citrus stubborn disease

A

Spray crops with Erythromycin

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4
Q

Define Antibiotics

A

metabolic products of one microorganism that inhibit or kill other microorganisms

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5
Q

Define Antimicrobial drugs

A

Synthetic drugs produced by chemical procedures in a laboratory

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6
Q

Define Bacteriocidal

A

Kills the organism

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7
Q

Define Bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits organisms growth long enough for immune system to clear it

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8
Q

Define narrow spectrum

A

Only effective against species groups of microbes

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9
Q

Define broad spectrum

A

Effective against a variety of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

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10
Q

Define selective toxicity

A

Chemical being used should inhibit or kill the intended pathogen without seriously harming the host

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11
Q

Name the cell wall active agents

A

a)β-lactams, e.g. penicillin,
b)Cefotaxime affect cross-linking of peptidoglycan
c)Glycopeptides, e.g. vancomycin, binds to peptide side chains of peptidoglycan and prevents cross linking

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12
Q

What do ß-lactate durely bind to

A

Transpeptidase enzyme and inhibit it’s function

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13
Q

What do Glycopeptudes bind to

A

Peptide side chains of NAM and prevent transpeptidase from cross linking

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14
Q

Describe appearance of bacterial DNA

A

One long single circular molecule

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15
Q

What does DNA Gyrase supercoil

A

DNA

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16
Q

What does DNA topoisomerase unwind

A

Supercoiled DNA during DNA replication

17
Q

What inhibits Transcription

A

Rifampicin

18
Q

What does Sulphonamides and trimethoprim inhibit

A

Enzymes involved in synthesis of DNA and RNA
•Sulfonamides - inhibit pteridine synthesase

•Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolic acid reductase

19
Q

how many S ribosome subunits in bacteria

A

50S and 30S

20
Q

how many S ribosome subunits in humans

A

60S and 40S

21
Q

What inhibits Translation

A

•Aminoglycosides
•Tetracyclines
•Macrolides

22
Q

Mutations arise at what rate per cell division

A

10-8-10-10 per cell

23
Q

•Streptomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor)
Mutation in 30S ribosomal subunit prevents drug binding in 1 in 10-10 cells in E.Coli

24
Q

Name the RNA polymerase inhibitor

A

Rifsmipcin

25
Q

Plasmids with multiple antibiotic resistance genes predominate within

A

Hospital Bacteria

26
Q

Mechanism of antibacterial resistance

A

•Producing enzyme to inactivate or destroy the drug e.g. β-lactamase
•Altering the target/receptor of the drug
•Preventing entry of the drug into the cell or efflux of the drug from the cell

27
Q

Mutation and plasmid acquisition normally occur in _______

A

Bacteria

28
Q

What fraction of antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessary

A

1/3

29
Q

What is a Zoonosis

A

Infection passed from animals to humans

30
Q

What is Immunisation

A

the process of inducing or providing immunity against infection artificially

Can be active or passive

31
Q

What is a Vaccine

A

A suspension of live attenuated or inactivated microorganisms or fractions thereof administered to induce immunity and thereby prevent infectious disease

32
Q

Name the subunit vaccine comprising the hepatitis B coat

A

Hepatitis B vaccine

33
Q

What is Active Immunisation

A

is the administration of a vaccine or a toxoid in order to stimulate the production of antibody or other immune responses

34
Q

What is Passive immunisation

A

is the administration of preformed antibodies in order to provide temporary immunity

Microbiology (18 decks)

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