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Microbiology > Lecture 2 - Jennifer Culturing Microbes > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Jennifer Culturing Microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

function of aseptic technique

A

To prevent contamination

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2
Q

Before handling and growing microbes what is required

A

A sterile growth media

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3
Q

What is the Latin meaning for “medium”

A

Middle

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4
Q

Name the types of medium

A

•liquid
•water based (broth)
•solid (agar petri plates)

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5
Q

Name the common methods of sterilising bacterial growth media

A

•boiling
•autoclave
•dry heat

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6
Q

Write a short note on boiling

A

100 degrees celcius
For 30 minutes
Kills cells

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7
Q

Write a short note on autoclave

A

121 degrees celcius
For 30 minutes
Kills all cells and spores

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8
Q

Write a short note on dry heat

A

150 degrees celcius
For 120 minutes
Kills all cells and spores

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9
Q

Name the five l’s for handling microorganisms

A

1.Innoculation
2.Incubation
3.Isolation
4.Inspection
5.Identification

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10
Q

Growth in a nutrient broth can be observed as what kind of suspension

A

A cloudy suspension

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11
Q

What is a cloudy suspension in a nutrient broth termed as

A

A culture

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12
Q

What temperature does agar melt at

A

100 degrees Celsius

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13
Q

What temperature does agar solidify at

A

40 degrees Celsius

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14
Q

Name the method used to sterilise agar

A

Autoclaving

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15
Q

What do bacteria grow as on agar

A

Colonies

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16
Q

Each bacterial colony is derived from what

A

A single cell

17
Q

Single colony purification =

A

Single bacterial cell purification

18
Q

Where are microorganisms grown

A

In an incubator

19
Q

What makes an incubator suitable for growing microorganisms

A

It provides optimal temperature and gas content

20
Q

What does an incubator speed up

A

The process of multiplication and production of a culture

21
Q

How many different media for growing bacteria

A

> 500

22
Q

What do different colony types mean

A

The culture is not pure

23
Q

Disadvantage of broth culture

A

Not possible to determine if growth of more than one bacterial species has occurred

24
Q

Name identification methods for microorganisms

A

•Macroscopic or colony morphology
•Microscopic morphology
•biochemical characteristics
•genetic characteristics

25
Q

Define sterilisation

A

Removal and destruction of all microbes in or on an object

26
Q

Describe physical heat method for the disposal of cultures

A

•moist heat,boiling, flowing steam
Cells and most viruses - not spores
•Tyndallization - intermittent boiling
•steam (autoclaving) 121 degrees celcius for 15-30 minutes
All spores , viruses , cells , media and equipment
•dry heat ( hot air) 1 hour at 171 degrees
•incineration (burning) 1 second or more at 1000 degrees celcius

27
Q

Describe radiation methods for disposal of cultures

A

•Ionising eg- x rays , gamma rays , secs-hrs , OH- radicals , damage to DNA
•sterilise pharmaceuticals and medical supplies
•non ionising eg- UV light ,DNA damage , operating theatres , kitchens

28
Q

Name gaseous avengers used for chemical sterilisation methods

A

Ethylene oxide

29
Q

What causes cell death in chemical sterilisation methods

A

EtO alkylates
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Enzymes

30
Q

How long are cycles for chemical sterilisation methods

A

12 - 24 hours

31
Q

What is ethylene oxide sterilisation commonly used for

A

Sterilisation of surgical equipment in hospitals

32
Q

Write a short note on pasteurisation

A

Use of heat
75 degrees celcius for 15 seconds
Kill pathogens and reduce number of spoilage microorganisms in good and beverages ( milk , fruit juice , wine , beer)

33
Q

What are antiseptics

A

Microbicidal agents harmless enough to be applied to skin and mucous membrane

34
Q

Examples of antiseptics

A

Mercurials
Silver nitrate
Iodine solution
Alcohols
Detergents

35
Q

What are disinfectants

A

Agents that kill microorganisms but not necessarily their spores not safe for application of living tissues they are used on inanimate objects like tables,floors

36
Q

Example of disinfectants

A

Chlorine
Hypochlorites
Chlorine compounds
Copper surface
Quaternary ammonium compounds

37
Q

What are disinfectants and antiseptics distinguished on the basis of

A

Whether they are safe for application to mucous membranes
Safety often depends on concentration of compound
Eg: sodium hypochlorite (chlorine) as add to water is safe for drinking but chlorox (5% hypochlorite) is an excellent disinfectant not safe to drink

Microbiology (18 decks)

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