Lecture 11 (Immune system) Flashcards
What does Susceptibility mean
Lack of resistance to a disease
What does Immunity mean
Ability to ward off a disease
What does Innate immunity mean
Defended against any pathogens
What does Adaptive Immunity mean
Immunity, resistant to a specific pathogen
What are Pathogens
agents that cause disease, infect a wide range of animals, including humans
When the immune system recognises foreign bodies what does it respond with
The production of immune cells and proteins
Do all animals have adaptive immunity or innate immunity
Innnate immunity
What is special about Vertebrates
They also have adaptive immunity
When is Innate Immunity presented
before any exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth
What does Innate Immunity involve
nonspecific responses to pathogens
What does Innate Immunity consist of
•External barriers
•Internal cellular
•Chemical defenses
When does Adaptive immunity develop
after exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances
What does Adaptive immunity involve
A very specific response to pathogens
How does the Immune system recognise bacteria and fungi
Structures on their cell wall
Phagocytic cells recognize groups of pathogens by
TLRs, Toll-like receptors
Function of Eosinophils
Kill Parasites
Name the different types of Phagocytic Cells
•Neutrophils
•Macrophages
•Dendritic cells
Function of phagocytic Neutrophils
•Engulf and destroy pathogens
Function of phagocytic Macrophages
Found throughout the body
Function of phagocytic Dendritic cells
stimulate development of adaptive immunity
What do Eosinophils discharge
Destructive enzymes
adaptive response heavily relies on two types of lymphocytes, or white blood cells what are the two types called
•T cells
Mature in the Thymus above the heart
•B cells
Mature in the Bone marrow
Antigens elicit a response from what two WBC
•B cell
•T cell
The small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor is called an
Epitope
Binding of a B cell antigen receptor to an antigen secretes a soluble form of a protein called
•An antibody or Immunoglobin
Secreted antibodies are similar to B cell receptors but they lack what
Transmembrane regions that anchor receptors in the plasma membrane
Function of Antibodies
They mark pathogens for destruction and/or phagocytosis - Opsonisation
In Neutralization what do antibodies bind to
Viral surface proteins preventing infection of a host cell
B cells can express five different forms (or classes) of immunoglobulin (Ig) with similar antigen-binding specificity what are these called
-IgD: Membrane bound
-IgM: First soluble class produced
-IgG: Second soluble class; most abundant
-IgA and IgE: Remaining soluble classes
What are Vacinnes
Harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen
