Lecture 11 (Immune system)

Question 1

What does Susceptibility mean

Answer 1

Lack of resistance to a disease

Question 2

What does Immunity mean

Answer 2

Ability to ward off a disease

Question 3

What does Innate immunity mean

Answer 3

Defended against any pathogens

Question 4

What does Adaptive Immunity mean

Answer 4

Immunity, resistant to a specific pathogen

Question 5

What are Pathogens

Answer 5

agents that cause disease, infect a wide range of animals, including humans

Question 6

When the immune system recognises foreign bodies what does it respond with

Answer 6

The production of immune cells and proteins

Question 7

Do all animals have adaptive immunity or innate immunity

Answer 7

Innnate immunity

Question 8

What is special about Vertebrates

Answer 8

They also have adaptive immunity

Question 9

When is Innate Immunity presented

Answer 9

before any exposure to pathogens and is effective from the time of birth

Question 10

What does Innate Immunity involve

Answer 10

nonspecific responses to pathogens

Question 11

What does Innate Immunity consist of

Answer 11

•External barriers
•Internal cellular
•Chemical defenses

Question 12

When does Adaptive immunity develop

Answer 12

after exposure to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances

Question 13

What does Adaptive immunity involve

Answer 13

A very specific response to pathogens

Question 14

How does the Immune system recognise bacteria and fungi

Answer 14

Structures on their cell wall

Question 15

Phagocytic cells recognize groups of pathogens by

Answer 15

TLRs, Toll-like receptors

Question 16

Function of Eosinophils

Answer 16

Kill Parasites

Question 17

Name the different types of Phagocytic Cells

Answer 17

•Neutrophils
•Macrophages
•Dendritic cells

Question 18

Function of phagocytic Neutrophils

Answer 18

•Engulf and destroy pathogens

Question 19

Function of phagocytic Macrophages

Answer 19

Found throughout the body

Question 20

Function of phagocytic Dendritic cells

Answer 20

stimulate development of adaptive immunity

Question 21

What do Eosinophils discharge

Answer 21

Destructive enzymes

Question 22

adaptive response heavily relies on two types of lymphocytes, or white blood cells what are the two types called

Answer 22

•T cells
Mature in the Thymus above the heart

•B cells
Mature in the Bone marrow

Question 23

Antigens elicit a response from what two WBC

Answer 23

•B cell
•T cell

Question 24

The small accessible part of an antigen that binds to an antigen receptor is called an

Answer 24

Epitope

Question 25

Binding of a B cell antigen receptor to an antigen secretes a soluble form of a protein called

Answer 25

•An antibody or Immunoglobin

Question 26

Secreted antibodies are similar to B cell receptors but they lack what

Answer 26

Transmembrane regions that anchor receptors in the plasma membrane

Question 27

Function of Antibodies

Answer 27

They mark pathogens for destruction and/or phagocytosis - Opsonisation

Question 28

In Neutralization what do antibodies bind to

Answer 28

Viral surface proteins preventing infection of a host cell

Question 29

B cells can express five different forms (or classes) of immunoglobulin (Ig) with similar antigen-binding specificity what are these called

Answer 29

-IgD: Membrane bound
-IgM: First soluble class produced
-IgG: Second soluble class; most abundant
-IgA and IgE: Remaining soluble classes

Question 30

What are Vacinnes

Answer 30

Harmless derivatives of pathogenic microbes that stimulate the immune system to mount defenses against the harmful pathogen