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Microbiology > Lecture 3 - jennifer Intro To Microbial Diversity > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - jennifer Intro To Microbial Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Difference between magnification and resolution

A

Magnification can be increased without limit
Resolution cannot be increased without limit

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2
Q

What is magnification

A

How much an image is enlarged under a microscope

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3
Q

What is resolution

A

The amount of detail you can see in an image

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4
Q

What is the resolution of a light microscope in µM

A

0.2 µm

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5
Q

Will increasing the magnification improve resolution

A

No the image will blur together and be unreadable

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6
Q

The light microscope cannot distinguish objects smaller than what

A

Half the wavelength of light

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7
Q

What is the average wavelength of white light

A

0.55 micrometers
Half of which is 0.275 micrometers

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8
Q

Any two lines that are closer together than 0.275 micrometers are they seen as a single or double line

A

Single line

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9
Q

How will any object with a diameter smaller than 0.275 micrometers be viewed under a light microscope

A

Invisible or at best as a blur

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10
Q

What does an electron microscope use instead of light photons to image cells and cell structures

A

Electrons

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11
Q

Why is electron microscope used

A

Electrons provide illumination with a shorter wavelength than light photons

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12
Q

What is the entire system of electron microscope held in

A

In a vacuum

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13
Q

Electrons are speeded up in a vacuum until when

A

Their wavelength is extremely short, only one hundred thousandth that of white light

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14
Q

Most electron microscopes can magnify objects up to how many times

A

1 million times

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15
Q

What is the resolving power of electron microscope

A

0.2 nm

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16
Q

What is the resolving power of light microscope

A

0.2 µm

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17
Q

What is scanning electron microscopy used for

A

To observe external feature of cells

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18
Q

What are specimens coated with in scanning electron microscopy

A

Thin film of metal eg gold

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19
Q

What happens to electrons in scanning electron microscopy that are scatted

A

Collected to produce an image

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20
Q

What is transmission electron microscopy used for

A

Used to observe internal cell structures

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21
Q

Do light photons or electrons penetrate cells

A

Light photons

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22
Q

Why are thin section of cells prepared for transmission electron microscopy

A

Because electrons do not penetrate the cell

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23
Q

Name the types of microorganism

A

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Non cellular

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24
Q

Example of prokaryotic microorganism

A

Bacteria
Archaea

25
Q

Example of eukaryotic microorganisms

A

Fungi
Protozoa
Algae

26
Q

Example of non cellular microorganism

A

Viruses
Prions

27
Q

Does prokaryotics have nucleus

A

No

28
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have cell wall

A

Yes

29
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have cell organelles

A

No

30
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

A

Yes

31
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a cell wall

A

Some do but many don’t

32
Q

Name the cell organelles in eukaryotic cell

A

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi

33
Q

Where is the nucleic acid found in eukaryotic cell

A

In organelle called a nucleus
Bounded by a nuclear membrane

34
Q

How many chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell

A

One or more paired linear chromosomes

35
Q

Describe chromosome in eukaryotic cell

A

One or more paired linear chromosomes
DNA associated with histone proteins

36
Q

Is nucleic acid bounded by a nuclear membrane in a prokaryotic cell

A

No

37
Q

Describe the chromosome in prokaryotic cell

A

One circular chromosome
Composed of DNA associated with histone like proteins

38
Q

How do cells divide in eukaryotic cells

A

By mitosis

39
Q

How are sex cells in diploid microorganism produced eukaryotic cell

A

By meiosis

40
Q

How do cells divide in prokaryotic cells

A

By binary fission

41
Q

Why aren’t sex cells produced in prokaryotic cells

A

Organisms are haploid

42
Q

Describe the cytoplasmic membrane for eukaryotic cells

A

A fluid phospholipid bilayer containing sterols

43
Q

Describe cytoplasmic membrane for prokaryotic cell

A

A fluid phospholipid bilayer

44
Q

Describe the ribosomes for eukaryotic cell

A

Composed of 60S and a 40S subunit forming an 80S ribosome

45
Q

Describe the ribosome for prokaryotic cell

A

70S ribosomes composed of a 50S and 30S subunits

46
Q

Name the structure responsible for cell shape in eukaryotic cells

A

Cytoskeleton

47
Q

Name the structure responsible for shape in prokaryotic cell

A

Cell wall

48
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur in prokaryotic cells

A

Infoldings of cytoplasmic membrane

49
Q

Name the organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves for photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

50
Q

Where are respiratory enzymes and electron transport chains located in eukaryotic cell

A

Located in the mitochondria

51
Q

Where are respiratory enzymes and electron transport chains located in prokaryotic cell

A

Located at the cytoplasmic membrane

52
Q

The mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells serves the same function as which prokaryotic organelle

A

The cytoplasmic membrane

53
Q

What is eukaryotic cell cell wall composed of

A

Plant cells , algae and fungi have cell walls composed of cellulose or chitin

54
Q

Do animals cells and protozoans have cell walls

A

No they lack

55
Q

What are prokaryotic cell walls composed of

A

Bacteria and archaea cell walls are composed of
peptidoglycan, protein or unique molecules

56
Q

Do obligate intracellular bacteria like mycoplasma,chalmydia,ureplasma have cell walls

A

No they have no cell walls

57
Q

Name the locomotor organelle in eukaryotic cells

A

Flagella
Cilia

58
Q

Name the locomotor organelle in prokaryotic cells

A

Some have flagella

Microbiology (18 decks)

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