Lecture 9: Forms of Prejudice ll

Question 1

explicit prejudice

Answer 1

deliberate, slow, and controllable

Question 2

implicit prejudice

Answer 2

automatic, fast, and difficult to control

Question 3

do most white people self-report racial prejudice?

Answer 3

no, 58% report no preference, 39% report pro-White prejudice, and 3% report pro-Black prejudice

Question 4

congruent block

Answer 4

asks participants to classify white people with good words and Black people with bad words

Question 5

incongruent block

Answer 5

asks participants to classify white people with bad words and Black people with good words

Question 6

how is the strength of association measured in an IAT

Answer 6

The strength of association is inferred based on participants’ speed at completing each block

Question 7

do most white people show prejudice on the IAT?

Answer 7

most white people had pro-White implicit preferences

Question 8

do most Black people show prejudice on the IAT

Answer 8

Black people, on average, show no bias

Question 9

are IAT scores diagnostic?

Answer 9

no; it’s a nosy measure of mental content that fluctuates over time

Question 10

gender IAT measures ___

Answer 10

the implicit gender-science stereotypes

Question 11

do most men show prejudice on the IAT?

Answer 11

yes, they were biased toward stereotyping men= science & women= arts

Question 12

do most women show prejudice on the IAT

Answer 12

yes, they were biased toward stereotyping men= science & women= arts

Question 13

IAT scores of women in STEM vs arts

Answer 13

Women in STEM fields had lower men= science IAT scores than women in the arts

Question 14

IAT scores of men in STEM vs. arts

Answer 14

Men in STEM fields had higher men= science IAT scores than men in the arts

Question 15

what are the roots of implicit prejudice?

Answer 15

• Our understanding of social hierarchy: what groups in society are of higher status
• Our identity: who we are and what our experiences have been

Question 16

do different groups perceive the same social hierarchy?

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

what is the most commonly perceived racial hierarchy?

Answer 17

White people have the most status, followed by Asian, Black, then Latino people

Question 18

what is the most commonly perceived religious hierarchy?

Answer 18

Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam

Question 19

how do people implicitly evaluate racial/religious groups?

Answer 19

People have the most positive implicit attitudes towards their own group and their evaluations of other groups are in line with perceptions of social standing

Question 20

can IAT predict behaviour?

Answer 20

Meta-analyses show that IAT scores show a small but consistent ability to predict a wide variety of real-world behaviours

Question 21

what % of behaviour does IAT scores account for

Answer 21

2-3%

Question 22

effect of intergroup interactions on people with high implicit racial biases

Answer 22

White participants with higher implicit racial biases tended to have more awkward & stilted conversations with the Black experimenter

Question 23

sweedish job study

Answer 23

• responded to 1500 job ads of the Swedish Employment Agency with a sample of hiring managers in 12 occupational categories.
• Manipulated the name to be typical Swedish or Arab Muslim
• Weak correlation between explicit stereotypes and callbacks
• Stronger negative correlation between implicit stereotypes and callback rate for Arab/Muslim applicants

Question 24

8th grade science scores & IAT scores

Answer 24

Implicit association for male= science & female= liberal arts by country was correlated with the gender gap in the 8th-grade science

Question 25

out of school suspensions & IAT Scores

Answer 25

The relative risk of out-of-school suspensions for each county in the continental U.S. was correlated with race IAT scores in the county

Question 26

when are implicit prejudices influentatial?

Answer 26

1. motivation & ability: when you don’t think things through
2. discretion: when the criteria for making a decision are unclear or information is ambiguous or incomplete
3. organizations & institutions: when policies & systems allow for it

Question 27

example of implicit biases being influential due to motivation & ability

Answer 27

Time pressure and fatigue increase shooter bias

Question 28

how can people counteract motivation & ability challenges

Answer 28

using greater standardization

Question 29

example of implicit biases being influential due to discretion

Answer 29

People were more likely to pick a male police chief over a female police chief when they were given incomplete information. But, if people have to write out the values most important for being a police chief, they feel more accountable and the gender bias is reduced

Question 30

examples of implicit bias being influential due to organizations and institutions

Answer 30

When blind auditions started, more women joined orchestras