Lecture 9: Forms of Prejudice ll Flashcards
explicit prejudice
deliberate, slow, and controllable
implicit prejudice
automatic, fast, and difficult to control
do most white people self-report racial prejudice?
no, 58% report no preference, 39% report pro-White prejudice, and 3% report pro-Black prejudice
congruent block
asks participants to classify white people with good words and Black people with bad words
incongruent block
asks participants to classify white people with bad words and Black people with good words
how is the strength of association measured in an IAT
The strength of association is inferred based on participants’ speed at completing each block
do most white people show prejudice on the IAT?
most white people had pro-White implicit preferences
do most Black people show prejudice on the IAT
Black people, on average, show no bias
are IAT scores diagnostic?
no; it’s a nosy measure of mental content that fluctuates over time
gender IAT measures ___
the implicit gender-science stereotypes
do most men show prejudice on the IAT?
yes, they were biased toward stereotyping men= science & women= arts
do most women show prejudice on the IAT
yes, they were biased toward stereotyping men= science & women= arts
IAT scores of women in STEM vs arts
Women in STEM fields had lower men= science IAT scores than women in the arts
IAT scores of men in STEM vs. arts
Men in STEM fields had higher men= science IAT scores than men in the arts
what are the roots of implicit prejudice?
- Our understanding of social hierarchy: what groups in society are of higher status
- Our identity: who we are and what our experiences have been
do different groups perceive the same social hierarchy?
yes
what is the most commonly perceived racial hierarchy?
White people have the most status, followed by Asian, Black, then Latino people
what is the most commonly perceived religious hierarchy?
Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Islam
how do people implicitly evaluate racial/religious groups?
People have the most positive implicit attitudes towards their own group and their evaluations of other groups are in line with perceptions of social standing
can IAT predict behaviour?
Meta-analyses show that IAT scores show a small but consistent ability to predict a wide variety of real-world behaviours
what % of behaviour does IAT scores account for
2-3%
effect of intergroup interactions on people with high implicit racial biases
White participants with higher implicit racial biases tended to have more awkward & stilted conversations with the Black experimenter
sweedish job study
- responded to 1500 job ads of the Swedish Employment Agency with a sample of hiring managers in 12 occupational categories.
- Manipulated the name to be typical Swedish or Arab Muslim
- Weak correlation between explicit stereotypes and callbacks
- Stronger negative correlation between implicit stereotypes and callback rate for Arab/Muslim applicants
8th grade science scores & IAT scores
Implicit association for male= science & female= liberal arts by country was correlated with the gender gap in the 8th-grade science
out of school suspensions & IAT Scores
The relative risk of out-of-school suspensions for each county in the continental U.S. was correlated with race IAT scores in the county
when are implicit prejudices influentatial?
- motivation & ability: when you don’t think things through
- discretion: when the criteria for making a decision are unclear or information is ambiguous or incomplete
- organizations & institutions: when policies & systems allow for it
example of implicit biases being influential due to motivation & ability
Time pressure and fatigue increase shooter bias
how can people counteract motivation & ability challenges
using greater standardization
example of implicit biases being influential due to discretion
People were more likely to pick a male police chief over a female police chief when they were given incomplete information. But, if people have to write out the values most important for being a police chief, they feel more accountable and the gender bias is reduced
examples of implicit bias being influential due to organizations and institutions
When blind auditions started, more women joined orchestras
