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HUNT141 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Define a lipid

A

A class of organic compounds that are Fatty Acids or their derivatives that are insoluble in H2O but soluble in organic solvents

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2
Q

What are the functions of lipids?

A
  1. Main storage form of energy
  2. Component of cell membranes
  3. Provides insulation
  4. Cushions to protect internal organs
  5. Basis of many hormones e.g. test, estrogen, adrenaline
  6. Basis of eicosanoids involved in reproduction immunity and cell signalling
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3
Q

What are the types of lipids?

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Fatty Acids
  3. Phospholipids
  4. Sterols
  5. Sphingolipids - important in the brain
  6. Fat soluble vitamins
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4
Q

What are examples of sterols?

A

Sex hormones, cholesterol, bile acids

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5
Q

What are sphingolipids important in?

A

The brain

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6
Q

What % are of dietary acids are triglycerides?

A

More than 90%

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7
Q

Which lipid is the main lipid in adipose tissue?

A

Triglycerides

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8
Q

Which lipid is the main energy store?

A

Triglycerides

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9
Q

What is the structure of Triglycerides?

A

glycerol + 3x fatty acids = triglyceride

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

A triglycerides will have a mixture of fatty acids

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What kind of bond is between the glycerol and the Fatty Acid?

A

Ester

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12
Q

Describe a fatty acid

A

Chain of carbon molecules with a methyl group at one end and a carboxyl group at the other end

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13
Q

What is another way to describe the methyl end?

A

Omega

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14
Q

In what range can humans not add a double bond in a fatty acid?

A

Between C1 and C6

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15
Q

What are factors affecting Fatty Acids?

A
  1. Length of the chain
  2. Double bonds
  3. Position of first double bond from methyl end
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16
Q

What is the effect of changing the length of a FA chain?

A

The properties change as the length changes

17
Q

What length are most FA in the diet?

A

Between C10-C22

18
Q

What is the effect of double bonds on FA?

A

Affects the melting point

19
Q

What is an essential FA?

A

A FA that must be obtained from the diet

20
Q

What are 2 examples of essential FA and where is their double bond placement?

A
  1. Linoleic acid = omega 6 fat

2. Linolenic acid = omega 3 fat

21
Q

Describe a Saturated FA

  • melting point
  • example
A
  • Saturated with hydrogen
  • No double bonds
  • High melting points, solid at room temperature
  • Stearic Acid (C18:0)
22
Q

Describe a Monounsaturated FA

-example

A
  • Has one double bond
  • Oleic acid (C18:1n-9)
  • Melting point is 16 degrees
23
Q

Describe the effect of trans/cis bonds

A

-Change will effect the melting point

24
Q

Like what other FA does a trans bond act like?

A

Saturated FA

25
Q

Describe a Polyunsaturated FA

A
  • More than 1x double bond
  • Low melting point
  • Alpha-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3)
26
Q

What % of total energy should essential FA make up?

A

1-3%

27
Q

What are symptoms of essential FA deficiency?

A
  • Growth retardation
  • Reproductive failure
  • Skin lesions
  • Kidney and liver disorders
  • Neurological and visual problems
28
Q

What % of dietary lipid do phospholipids account for?

A

5-10%

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

FA is one of the few compounds that dietary intake can have an influence on what happens inside the body

A

FALSE

FA is the ONLY one that has this effect

30
Q

What is the structure of sterols?

A

Multiple ring structure

31
Q

What foods are sterols found in?

A

In plant and animal foods

32
Q

What are sterols the starting material for?

A
  1. Bile acids
  2. Sex hormones
  3. Adrenal hormones
  4. Vit D
33
Q

Where are sphingolipids found?

A

In brain tissue and nervous tissue

34
Q

What is the recommended intake of fat?

A

No specific intake of grams of fat

35
Q

What is the AMDR of fat?

A

20-35% of total energy

36
Q

Where is NZ in the range of AMDR?

A

We are in the range, 34%

37
Q

Where are NZ’s main fat sources in food?

A
  1. Butter/margarine
  2. Potatoes, kumara, taro (not the food themselves but how we prepare them)
    - Mainly ANIMAL products

HUNT141 (25 decks)

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