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HUNT141 > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

1
Q

What Vitamins are water soluble?

A

B vitamins and Vit C

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2
Q

What Vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A,D,E,K

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3
Q

Are water soluble vitamins stored?

A

No

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4
Q

Describe recommended intake of water/fat soluble vitamins

A
  • Water = 1-3 days

- Fat = weeks/months

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5
Q

What is the main role of the B vitamins?

A

Energy metabolism = turning macronutrients into energy to sustain life

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6
Q

What is the role of Thiamin (B1)? How are NZ’s levels? Where does intake come from?

A
  • Nerve processes and energy metabolism
  • Levels are good
  • Comes from bread and cereals due to fortification
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7
Q

What is the role of Riboflavin (B2)? How are NZ’s levels? Where does intake come from?

A
  • Energy metabolism
  • Levels are good
  • Top source is milk
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8
Q

What are the symptoms of Riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

A
  • Inflamed eye lids
  • Sore throat
  • Crack/redness at mouth corners
  • Painful/smooth/purplish tongue
  • Symptoms are very generalised and could be cause by many different things
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9
Q

What is the role of Niacin (B3)? How are NZ’s levels? Where does intake come from?

A
  • Energy metabolism
  • Levels are high
  • Mainly comes from poultry and bread
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10
Q

How is B3 measured?

A

In Niacin Equivalents

-> 60mg of Tryptophan = 1mg Niacin

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11
Q

What is the condition associated with B3 deficiency?

A
  • Pelegra

- Common in 1900’s Southern Diet (low protein/corn based)

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Pellegra?

A

The 4 D’s

  1. Diarrhoea
  2. Dermatitis
  3. Dementia
  4. Death
    - Rash when exposed to sunlight
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13
Q

What is the role of Pantothenic Acid (B4)? How are NZ’s levels? Where does intake come from?

A
  • Energy metabolism
  • > key part of coenzyme A
  • > required for red blood cell synthesis, neuron activity, and antibody production
  • Wide spread in food (meats, whole-grains, vege)
  • Levels are good, deficiency and toxicity both rare
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14
Q

What is the role of Pyridoxine (B6)? How are NZ’s levels? Where does intake come from?

A
  • Energy metabolism
  • Levels are good
  • Mainly from fruit and vege
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15
Q

What is the role of Biotin (B7)? How are NZ’s levels? Where does intake come from?

A
  • Part of coenzyme
  • > assists in glycogen synthesis and amino acid metabolism
  • Widespread in food
  • Can be synthesised by intestinal bacteria
  • Deficiency and toxicity are rare
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16
Q

What B Vitamin is recommended as supplements during pregnancy and why?

A
  • Folate

- Reduce Neural Tube Defects

17
Q

Where does Cobalamin (B12) come from?

A
  • Animal products
  • Meat, fish, eggs, milk
  • Fortified plant milks, marmite, multivitamin
18
Q

How long is our body’s store of B12?

A

3-5 years

19
Q

What are the symptoms of Vit C deficiency?

A

-Weakness, bleeding gums, loss of teeth, foul breath, painful legs, generalised haemorrhages

20
Q

What are the two forms of Vitamin C?

A
  1. L-ascorbic acid = reduced form (main form)

2. L-dehydroascorbic acid = oxidised form (less common)

21
Q

How is Vit C synthesised? Can we do this?

A
  • From glucose
  • We cannot do this as L-gulonolactone oxidase is missing which blocks the pathway therefore must be obtained from the diet
22
Q

What can most symptoms of scurvy be derived from?

A

A loss of collagen

23
Q

What is the role of Vit C?

A
  • Cofactor for 8 mammalian enzymes

- Antioxidant nutrient

24
Q

How is NZ’s intake of Vit C?

A

Much higher than the RDI

-Rich sources come from fruit and vege

25
Q

Efficiency of Vit C absorption is proportional to what?

A

Intake

26
Q

Describe the effect of Vit C and preventing colds

A
  • Won’t prevent it

- Only had an effect for people in extreme cold temperatures or extreme physical strain

27
Q

Describe the effect of Vit C and cold duration

A

Regular Vit C intake may shorten length of cold

28
Q

Describe Vit C Toxicity

A
  • High doses are fine
  • More than 2000mg daily may cause
  • > Diarrhoea
  • > Rebound scurvy
  • > Stomach inflammation

HUNT141 (25 decks)

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