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HUNT141 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

In what quantities are macronutrients required in the diet?

A

Large quantities i.e grams

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2
Q

What macronutrient doesn’t provide energy?

A

Water

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3
Q

What macronutrients provide energy?

A
  • Carbohydrate
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Alcohol (not nutrients but provides energy)
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4
Q

In what quantities are micronutrients required in the diet?

A

Small quantities i.e milligrams

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5
Q

Do micronutrients provide energy?

A

No

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6
Q

True or False

Vitamins are inorganic molecules

A

FALSE

Vitamins are organic molecules as they contain carbon
A,B’s, C, D, E, K

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7
Q

What are minerals?

A
  • Inorganic elements

- Na, K, Cl, S, Fe, Ca, Ph, Mg, Zn, Fl, I, Se

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8
Q

Define gross energy

A

The total chemical energy of a food

  • Not all available to the body
  • Not everything is 100% absorbed
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9
Q

How is gross energy determined?

A

By combustion of food sample in a ‘bomb’ calorimeter

Heat of combustion = gross energy of the food

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10
Q

What are Atwater factors used to calculate?

A

Metabolisable energy when you know the amount of macronutrient eaten

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11
Q

List the Atwater factors

A
  • Carbohydrate = 17 kJ / gram
  • Protein = 17 kJ / gram
  • Fat = 37 kJ / gram
  • Alcohol = 29 kJ / gram
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12
Q

How do you calculate the proportion of energy from macronutrients?

A

% Energy = (( (g of nutrient x Atwater Factor kJ/gram) / total daily energy from all sources kJ )) x 100

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13
Q

According to the Adult Nutrition Survey (08’-09’) what is the recommended kJ intake for a 19-30 year old Male?

A

11,900 kJ

11.9 MJ

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14
Q

According to the Adult Nutrition Survey (08’-09’) what is the recommended kJ intake for a 19-30 year old female?

A

8,400 kJ

8.4 MJ

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15
Q

What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for Protein?

A

15-25%

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16
Q

What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for Carbohydrate?

17
Q

What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for Fat?

18
Q

From The Adult Nutrition Survey what were the Protein energy %

19
Q

From The Adult Nutrition Survey what were the Carbohydrate energy %

A

49% - estimated to have decreased over time due to fad diets

20
Q

From The Adult Nutrition Survey what were the Fat energy %

21
Q

What are the Nutrient Reference Values?

A
  • Set of recommendations for nutritional intake that apply to most healthy people
  • 6 values
22
Q

Describe Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

A

-Daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of HALF THE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS in a particular life stage/group

23
Q

Describe Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI)

A

Average dietary intake level that’s SUFFICIENT to meet nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy individuals in particular life stage/group

RDI = EAR + 2Std Dev

24
Q

How is the Recommended Dietary Intake set?

A

Set higher than what most people need in the hopes that making people aim higher they will achieve the good amount

25
Q

Describe Adequate Intake (AI)

A

Average daily nutrient intake level based on OBSERVED or EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED APPROXIMATIONS/estimates of nutrient intake by a group of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate

26
Q

When is the Adequate Intake used?

A

When EAR and RDI can’t be determined

27
Q

Describe Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

A

Defined as average dietary intake predicted to maintain energy balance consistent with good health

EAR = EER

28
Q

Describe the Upper Limit of Intake (UL)

A

Highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to most

29
Q

What happens when intake is above the Upper Limit of Intake?

A

Potential risk of adverse effects increases

30
Q

Describe the Suggested Dietary Target (SDT)

A

The amount of nutrient that reduces risk of NCD

31
Q

True or False

Not every nutrient is at the same level in the Suggested Dietary Target

A

TRUE

For some nutrients, consumption target is LOWER than SDT e.g. sodium

For some nutrients, consumption target is HIGER than SDT e.g. Vit C

32
Q

True or False

There is an SDT set for all nutrients?

A

FALSE

Only set for a few nutrients

33
Q

Which of the Nutrient Reference Values look at individuals?

A
  1. Recommended Daily Intake (RDI)
  2. Average Daily Intake (AI)
  3. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
  4. Upper level of Intake (UL)
  5. Suggested Dietary Target (SDT)
34
Q

Which of the Nutrient Reference Values look at groups?

A
  1. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
  2. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)
  3. Upper Level of Intake (UL)
  4. Suggested Dietary Target (SDT)
35
Q

Which of the Nutrient Reference Values look at populations?

A
  1. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
36
Q

True or False

Low dietary intake means deficiency

A

FALSE

Low dietary intake does not mean deficiency. Clinical symptoms and blood tests are required to determine deficiency

HUNT141 (25 decks)

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