Lecture 9 Flashcards
What type of virus are Genus Flavivirus
Mosquito-borne
What form is flavivirus in
Enveloped
How can pathogenesis of flaviviruses be divided (3)
- Associated primarily with haemorrhage fevers
- With a fever-arthralgia rah
- Causing encephalitis syndorme
What are encephalitic flaviviruses
Neurotropic
What sort of infection is flavivirus
Natural infection of the CNS
In the initial West Nile virus where does replication occur
in skin - langerhans dendritic cells
What results in the faster development of West Nile virus
Macrophage depletion
What are important facts in limiting infection and clearing systemic virus
Type I interferons and macrophages
What is the risk of entry into the CNS dependent on (4) (flaviviruses)
- Time of onset
- Magnitude
- Duration
- Innate immune system
Flaviviruses: what does TNF-a regulate
Inflammatory cytokine production
Where does WNV replicate
Endoplasmic reticulum associated membranes to generate a negative strand RNA intermediate there serves as a template for positive strand RNA synthesis
How do diagnose flaviviruses (5)
- ELSIA
- SNT
- Immunoflourescene assays
- VI and RT-PCR
- Immunohistochemical staining
What is Genus Pestivirus no transmitted by
Arthropods
What are the disease symptoms of Genus Pestivirus (3)
- Bovine viral diarrhoea
- Mucosal disease
- Border disease
Can Genus Pestivirus cross the placenta
Yes
What is the most pathogenic Genus Pestivirus
Bovine viral diarrhoea
What can recombination cause with bovine viral diarrhoea
NCP BVDV to be CP
What does the outcome of NCP BVDV of the foetus depend on
Age
Where does mucosal disease occur
Where there is superinfection with a cytopathic BVD
What are the clinical signs of mucosal disease (5)
- Watery diarrhoea
- Chronic weight loss
- Erosions in the mouth
- Excessive salivation and nasal discharge
- Ulcers
How can you diagnose BVDV (3)
- Blood samples
- Antibody of the virus checked
- Tests carried out on blood
How to manage BVDV
- Identify all the carriers in the heard
- Manage the herd to maximise the likelihood of infection of young heifer well. before making
- Commence a regular vaccination program against pestivirus
Can classical swine virus cross the placenta
Yes
How is classical swine fever controlled
- Attenuated live vaccine
How is classical swine fever diagnosis
- Animals infected will produce an immune response that can be detected using a variety of serological techniques
How is classical swine fever diagnosed when it is persistent
Require immunostaning
What form are Togaviruses in
Enveloped
What do Togaviruses resemble
Cellular mRNAs
What is the most common mosquito-borne pathogen
Ross River virus
When does mucosal disease occur
Where there is superinfection with a cytopathic BVD
What are the clinical signs of mucosal disease (5)
- Watery diarrhoea
- Chronic weight loss
- Erosions in the mouth
- Excessive salivation and nasal discharge
- Ulcers on hoofs causing lameness
What are the consequences of mucosal disease
- Infected animals secrete large amount of virus
2. Continuously shed the virus to the herd
How to diagnosis BVDV
RT PCR using blood sample from ear
What sort of virus is African swine fever virus
DNA virus
