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Virology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What sort of virus are Orbiviruses

A

non-enveloped viruses

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2
Q

What is the structure of Orbiviruses (2)

A
  1. Triple capsid

2. 10 segmented dsRNA

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3
Q

What transmits Orbiviruses

A

Intectes predominantly biting midges

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4
Q

List some Orbiviruses (5)

A
  1. African horse sickness virus
  2. Blue tongue virus
  3. Epizootic haemorrhage disease virus
  4. Equine encephaosis virus
  5. Palyam virus
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5
Q

What opportunity is created with segmented genome

A

Mutations

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6
Q

What is blue tongue and AHSV transmitted by

A

Culicoides midges

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7
Q

How many serotypes of AHSV are there

A

9

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8
Q

How many serotypes of BTV are there

A

27

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9
Q

What are the hosts of AHSV

A

horses, donkeys, zebras and mules

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10
Q

What is the heart form of AHSV signs

A
  • fever followed by swelling of head and eyes
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11
Q

What is the heart form of AHSV terminal

A

bleeding in membrane of mouth and eyes

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12
Q

What is the lung/pulmonary form from of AHSV signs

A

Difficulty in breathing

Frothy discharge may pour from nose

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13
Q

What is the mixed form of AHSV signs

A

Symptoms from both the heart and lung forms

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14
Q

What are the three forms of ASHV

A
  1. Heart form
  2. Lung/pulmonary form
  3. Mixed form
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15
Q

How to control AHSV (4)

A
  1. Vaccine
  2. Control the vector
  3. Movement of animals
  4. Good management
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16
Q

Where is Equine encephalitis virus prevalent

A

SA, Kenya and Botswana

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17
Q

What has a higher transmission rate, AHSV or EEV

A

EEV

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18
Q

How was BTV brought into Australia

A

windburn dispersal fron indonesia

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19
Q

How many segments does BTV involve

A

10

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20
Q

Clinical signs in a sheep of BTV (2)

A
  1. Fever, excessive salivation, swelling of the face and tongue and cyanosis of the blue tongue
  2. Hyperaemia of muzzle nose and coronet
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21
Q

Clinical signs in a cow of BTV

A
  1. Conjunctivitis, rhinitis with nasal exudate and ulceration of the nares
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22
Q

Clinical presentation of BTV varies between different host species and individuals based on (3)

A
  1. Host, vector, environmental factors
  2. Virulence of the infecting strain
  3. Expression of inflammatory and vasoactive mediators by host endothelial cells and other cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells
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23
Q

Where does BTV replicate

A

Draining lymph node before being disseminated by the blood and lymph to sites of secondary replication throughout the body

24
Q

Where does virus replication principally occur with BTV

A

Lungs and spleen

25
Q

In BTV, what does the cell membrane invaginate

A

Erythrocytes and platelets during viraemia

26
Q

Characteristic clinical signs of BT (2)

A
  1. Damage which is caused by the virus to endothelial cells in the walls of blood vessels
  2. leads to vascular thrombosis, tissue infraction/necrosis, vascular leakage, oedema and haemorrhage
27
Q

What can foetal infection with BTV result in (5)

A
  1. Abortion
  2. Growth retardation
  3. Teratogenesos
  4. Birth of viraemic offspring
  5. No obvious abnormality
28
Q

What are the side effects of animals that recover from BTV

A

Muscle degeneration that manifests as weakness, prostration and torticollis, slipper formation of the hooves, a characteristic break in the wool in sheep and a transient decrease in fertility of breeding

29
Q

How to control BTV (3)

A
  1. Vaccination
  2. Illegal movement of animals
  3. Vector control
30
Q

How many stereotypes of epizootic haemorrhage disease are there

A

7

31
Q

What is EHDV similar to

A

BTV

32
Q

How many RNA segments does Rotavirus have

A

11

33
Q

What does rotavirus cause in young mammals

A

Diarrhoea

34
Q

The 7 stereotypes and what the effect

A
  1. Group A: humans
  2. Group B: Humans and animals
  3. Group C: humans and animals
  4. Group D-F: animals
35
Q

How can you get infected with Rotavirus

A

Fecal-oral route

36
Q

What makes rotavirus resistant to acidic pH

A

tripple protein coat

37
Q

What does Rotavirus produce

A

Virus-encoded enterotoxin which leads to gastroenteritis and severe diarrhoea

38
Q

What can Rotavirus destroy

A

mature enterocytes

39
Q

What is NSP4

A

Non-structural protein

40
Q

In an infected cell what is NSP4 associated with

A

Assembly of the vision

41
Q

What can secreted NSP4 attach to

A

Receptors on healthy enterocytes

42
Q

(Rotavirus) From the infected cell where do water and electrolytes leak

A

Into the lumen of the intestine

43
Q

How many segments is Avian orthoreovirus

A

10

44
Q

What does Avian orthoreovirus infect

A

Birds

45
Q

How can Avian orthoreovirus infect birds

A
  1. Transovarial transmission
  2. Fecal-oral route
  3. The respiratory tract
  4. Infection may also enter through the exposure of broken skin of the feet or legs of chickens
46
Q

What is the most commonly observed problem with Avian orthoreovirus

A

infection of tendons with resultant rupture of the tendons and haemorrhage

47
Q

How many segments are there with infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)

A

two segments of dsRNA

48
Q

Where does infectious bursa disease (Gumboro) replicate

A

Immature B cels

49
Q

What does replication in immature B cells cause in infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)

A

Massive necrosis of the bursa

50
Q

What is the result of infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)

A

Immunosuppression

51
Q

What is ELSIA used to monitor

A

Antibody titres in samples from breeders and broilers

52
Q

How can the gnome of infectious bursa disease (Gumboro) be detected

A

By real-time PCR with different probes being used to differentiate the hyper virulent strains

53
Q

How to control infectious bursa disease (Gumboro)

A
  1. Vaccination
  2. Good management - biosecurity
  3. When hyper virulent strains are present broilers are vaccinated once maternal antibody has been metabolised
54
Q

How many BTV are there in Australia

A

10

55
Q

How was AHSV transported to Spain

A

From a zebra from Namibia

56
Q

What does MLV stand for

A

Modified live vaccine

57
Q

What can avian orthroreovirus cause

A
  1. Reovirus tenosynosis
  2. Stunting and runting
  3. Helicopter syndrome

Virology (23 decks)

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