Lecture 17 Flashcards
What are Papillomaviridae
Small double stranded, circular DNA
How many genomes do Papillomaviridae have
8000 base pairs
What do Papillomaviridae cause
Papillomas
Are Papillomaviridae stable
Yes, they have a low mutation rate
How do Papillomavirus infections occur
Micro-injury to stratified squamous epithelium allows the virus access to cel receptors in the basement membrane
Where do Papillomaviruses bind
After binding a capsid conformational change allows the virus to bind to basal keratinocytes
How does Papillomaviridae alter cells (3)
- Inhibiting apoptosis
- Inhibiting immune signalling
- Increasing cellular proliferation
How is Papillomaviridae shed from the body
Through cellular desquamation
What are the types of papillomas (5)
- Cutaneous/mucosal tropism
- Site predilections
- Focal and multifocal
- Raised, hyper plastic
- In-apparent to large masses
What are the types of neoplasia (3)
- Carcinoma in-situ
- Invasive carcinoma
- Sarcoids
Is treatment of Papillomavirus essential
No it is unnecessary
How to prevent the spread of Papillomaviruses
Disinfection with formaldehyde of stalls, fence posts and other environmental virus reservoirs
What are bovine papillomavirus
Muscutaneous papillomas that develop on the haired skin, tongue, teats, penis and vulva and upper alimentary papillomas that develop in the oral cavity, oesophagus and rumen
Where can equine papillomavirus develop
Anywhere on the animal’s body
What are equine sarcoids
Persistent and progressive skin lumps that occur mainly around the head, in the axilla and the groin area, as well as developing wounds
What are equine sarcoids caused by
An infection from bovine papillomaviruses
What are the 6 types of sarcoids
- Occult
- Verrucose
- Nodular
- Fibroblastic
- Mixed
- Malevolent
What are occult sarcoids
Flat, grey and persistent, often circular or roughly circular
What are verrucose sarcoids
Grey, scabby or warty in appearance and may contain small, split nodules; possible surface ulcerations; well-defined or cover large, ill defined areas
What are nodular sarcoids
Multiple, discrete, solid nodules of variable size; may ulcerate and bleed
What are fibroblastic sarcoids
Fleshy masses, either with a thin pedicle or a wide, flat base that commonly bleed easily; may have wet, hemorrhagic surface
What are mixed sarcoids
Variable mixtures of two or more types
What are malevolent sarcoids
An extremely rare, aggressive tumour that spreads extensively through the skin; cords of the tumour tissue intersperses with nodules and ulcerating fibroblastic lesions
What are sarcoid treatment
Surgical excision is commonly acknowledged to have a high rate of recurrence. Cryotherapy and laser-assisted excision have variable success
What is canine parvovirus
A highly contagious cause of acute, infectious gastrointestinal illness in young dogs
What is canine parvovirus characterised by
Sudden onset of bloody diarrhoea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, depression, lymphopaenia and dehydration
How is infection of canine parvovirus acquired
Through direct oronasal contact with virus-containing feces or indirectly through contact with contaminated fomites
What can canine parvovirus cause
Myocarditis, presenting as acute cardiopulmonary failure or delayed, progressive cardiac failure, can be seen with or without signs of enteritis
What is canine parvovirus 2 very similar to
Feline parvovirus
How to treat canine parvovirus
Restoration of fluid, electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities and prevention of secondary bacterial infection
What vaccination is recommended by the Australian Veterinary Association as a core vaccine
CPV-2
How is canine parvovirus shed
Most clinically ill dogs shed large quantities of virus in the faeces
How to diagnose CPV-2 (2)
- ELSIA and immunochromatography test for detection of antigens in faeces
- Real-time PCR
What is affected most securely with feline parvovirus
kittens
How are cats infected with feline parvovirus
Oronasal exposure to infected animals, faeces, secretions or contaminated fomites
How is the pathogenesis of feline parvovirus
Infects and destroys actively diving cells in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, intestinal epithelium and in young animals the cerebellum and retina
How can feline panleukopaenia spread
Transplacentally to cause embryonic reabsorption, fatal mummification, abortion or stillbirth
What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopaenia (4)
- Subclinical in adults
- Can die suddenly with no warning
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
Prevention of feline panleukopaenia
- Vaccination
Diagnosis of feline panleukopaenia
- Viral antigen and DNA can be detected in faecal contents
2. Need to consider CPV-2 infection
How is porcine parvovirus spread
Shed in faeces and infection is by oral route
Who is at risk of porcine parvovirus
Pregnant gilts
Major and only clinical response for porcine parvovirus
Materna reproductive failure
Can porcine parvovirus cross the placenta
Yes
What is the only way to ensure the gilts develop immunity to porcine parvovirus before conceptus
Vaccination
What are Cricoviridae
Small circular ssDNA viruses
What viruses does porcine circovirus disease have
- PCV2-systemic disease
- PCV2-subclinical infection
- PCV2-reproductive failure
What is post weaning mutisystemic wasting syndrome
Affected pigs showed primary poor growth rate, ill thrift, and/or wasting and they were histopathologically characterised by systemic inflammatory lesions
What are the clinical signs of post weaning mutisystemic wasting syndrome
Coughing, breathing difficulties, diarrhoea, poor blood circulation, rapid weight loss, skin discolouration, death
Where does porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur
All types of pig production systems with different heath status and management practice
What is the major cause of death with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur
Renal failure
What does porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur resemble
Swine fever and African Swine Fever
How is porcine circovirus disease transmitted
Direct contact with infected pigs
What does beak and father disease produce
Immunodeficiency
How does beak and father disease work
Attacks the father follicles and the beak and claw matrices of the bird, causing progressive feather, claw and beak malformation and necrosis
What is the appearance of Aneloviridae
Small circular, negative-sense, ssDNA
What animal does Torque tent sub virus infect
Pigs
How is Torque tent sub virus transmitted
Fecal-oral route
How is chicken anaemia virus transmitted
Fecal-oral route
What are the clinical signs of chicken anaemia virus (4)
- Anaemia
- Generalised lymphoid atrophy
- Sub-cutaneous intramuscular haemorrhages
- Severe immunosuppression
What does chicken anaemia virus increase the virulence of
Bursal and Marek’s disease
