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Virology > Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Papillomaviridae

A

Small double stranded, circular DNA

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2
Q

How many genomes do Papillomaviridae have

A

8000 base pairs

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3
Q

What do Papillomaviridae cause

A

Papillomas

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4
Q

Are Papillomaviridae stable

A

Yes, they have a low mutation rate

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5
Q

How do Papillomavirus infections occur

A

Micro-injury to stratified squamous epithelium allows the virus access to cel receptors in the basement membrane

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6
Q

Where do Papillomaviruses bind

A

After binding a capsid conformational change allows the virus to bind to basal keratinocytes

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7
Q

How does Papillomaviridae alter cells (3)

A
  1. Inhibiting apoptosis
  2. Inhibiting immune signalling
  3. Increasing cellular proliferation
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8
Q

How is Papillomaviridae shed from the body

A

Through cellular desquamation

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9
Q

What are the types of papillomas (5)

A
  1. Cutaneous/mucosal tropism
  2. Site predilections
  3. Focal and multifocal
  4. Raised, hyper plastic
  5. In-apparent to large masses
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10
Q

What are the types of neoplasia (3)

A
  1. Carcinoma in-situ
  2. Invasive carcinoma
  3. Sarcoids
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11
Q

Is treatment of Papillomavirus essential

A

No it is unnecessary

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12
Q

How to prevent the spread of Papillomaviruses

A

Disinfection with formaldehyde of stalls, fence posts and other environmental virus reservoirs

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13
Q

What are bovine papillomavirus

A

Muscutaneous papillomas that develop on the haired skin, tongue, teats, penis and vulva and upper alimentary papillomas that develop in the oral cavity, oesophagus and rumen

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14
Q

Where can equine papillomavirus develop

A

Anywhere on the animal’s body

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15
Q

What are equine sarcoids

A

Persistent and progressive skin lumps that occur mainly around the head, in the axilla and the groin area, as well as developing wounds

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16
Q

What are equine sarcoids caused by

A

An infection from bovine papillomaviruses

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17
Q

What are the 6 types of sarcoids

A
  1. Occult
  2. Verrucose
  3. Nodular
  4. Fibroblastic
  5. Mixed
  6. Malevolent
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18
Q

What are occult sarcoids

A

Flat, grey and persistent, often circular or roughly circular

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19
Q

What are verrucose sarcoids

A

Grey, scabby or warty in appearance and may contain small, split nodules; possible surface ulcerations; well-defined or cover large, ill defined areas

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20
Q

What are nodular sarcoids

A

Multiple, discrete, solid nodules of variable size; may ulcerate and bleed

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21
Q

What are fibroblastic sarcoids

A

Fleshy masses, either with a thin pedicle or a wide, flat base that commonly bleed easily; may have wet, hemorrhagic surface

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22
Q

What are mixed sarcoids

A

Variable mixtures of two or more types

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23
Q

What are malevolent sarcoids

A

An extremely rare, aggressive tumour that spreads extensively through the skin; cords of the tumour tissue intersperses with nodules and ulcerating fibroblastic lesions

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24
Q

What are sarcoid treatment

A

Surgical excision is commonly acknowledged to have a high rate of recurrence. Cryotherapy and laser-assisted excision have variable success

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25
Q

What is canine parvovirus

A

A highly contagious cause of acute, infectious gastrointestinal illness in young dogs

26
Q

What is canine parvovirus characterised by

A

Sudden onset of bloody diarrhoea, vomiting, anorexia, fever, depression, lymphopaenia and dehydration

27
Q

How is infection of canine parvovirus acquired

A

Through direct oronasal contact with virus-containing feces or indirectly through contact with contaminated fomites

28
Q

What can canine parvovirus cause

A

Myocarditis, presenting as acute cardiopulmonary failure or delayed, progressive cardiac failure, can be seen with or without signs of enteritis

29
Q

What is canine parvovirus 2 very similar to

A

Feline parvovirus

30
Q

How to treat canine parvovirus

A

Restoration of fluid, electrolyte and metabolic abnormalities and prevention of secondary bacterial infection

31
Q

What vaccination is recommended by the Australian Veterinary Association as a core vaccine

A

CPV-2

32
Q

How is canine parvovirus shed

A

Most clinically ill dogs shed large quantities of virus in the faeces

33
Q

How to diagnose CPV-2 (2)

A
  1. ELSIA and immunochromatography test for detection of antigens in faeces
  2. Real-time PCR
34
Q

What is affected most securely with feline parvovirus

A

kittens

35
Q

How are cats infected with feline parvovirus

A

Oronasal exposure to infected animals, faeces, secretions or contaminated fomites

36
Q

How is the pathogenesis of feline parvovirus

A

Infects and destroys actively diving cells in bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, intestinal epithelium and in young animals the cerebellum and retina

37
Q

How can feline panleukopaenia spread

A

Transplacentally to cause embryonic reabsorption, fatal mummification, abortion or stillbirth

38
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopaenia (4)

A
  1. Subclinical in adults
  2. Can die suddenly with no warning
  3. Vomiting
  4. Diarrhoea
39
Q

Prevention of feline panleukopaenia

A
  1. Vaccination
40
Q

Diagnosis of feline panleukopaenia

A
  1. Viral antigen and DNA can be detected in faecal contents

2. Need to consider CPV-2 infection

41
Q

How is porcine parvovirus spread

A

Shed in faeces and infection is by oral route

42
Q

Who is at risk of porcine parvovirus

A

Pregnant gilts

43
Q

Major and only clinical response for porcine parvovirus

A

Materna reproductive failure

44
Q

Can porcine parvovirus cross the placenta

A

Yes

45
Q

What is the only way to ensure the gilts develop immunity to porcine parvovirus before conceptus

A

Vaccination

46
Q

What are Cricoviridae

A

Small circular ssDNA viruses

47
Q

What viruses does porcine circovirus disease have

A
  1. PCV2-systemic disease
  2. PCV2-subclinical infection
  3. PCV2-reproductive failure
48
Q

What is post weaning mutisystemic wasting syndrome

A

Affected pigs showed primary poor growth rate, ill thrift, and/or wasting and they were histopathologically characterised by systemic inflammatory lesions

49
Q

What are the clinical signs of post weaning mutisystemic wasting syndrome

A

Coughing, breathing difficulties, diarrhoea, poor blood circulation, rapid weight loss, skin discolouration, death

50
Q

Where does porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur

A

All types of pig production systems with different heath status and management practice

51
Q

What is the major cause of death with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur

A

Renal failure

52
Q

What does porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome occur resemble

A

Swine fever and African Swine Fever

53
Q

How is porcine circovirus disease transmitted

A

Direct contact with infected pigs

54
Q

What does beak and father disease produce

A

Immunodeficiency

55
Q

How does beak and father disease work

A

Attacks the father follicles and the beak and claw matrices of the bird, causing progressive feather, claw and beak malformation and necrosis

56
Q

What is the appearance of Aneloviridae

A

Small circular, negative-sense, ssDNA

57
Q

What animal does Torque tent sub virus infect

A

Pigs

58
Q

How is Torque tent sub virus transmitted

A

Fecal-oral route

59
Q

How is chicken anaemia virus transmitted

A

Fecal-oral route

60
Q

What are the clinical signs of chicken anaemia virus (4)

A
  1. Anaemia
  2. Generalised lymphoid atrophy
  3. Sub-cutaneous intramuscular haemorrhages
  4. Severe immunosuppression
61
Q

What does chicken anaemia virus increase the virulence of

A

Bursal and Marek’s disease

Virology (23 decks)

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