Lecture 18 Flashcards by Kirsten Savage

What are the only diploid virus

Retroviruses

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What is the problem with retroviruses

Mutate

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How to retroviruses mutate

DNA copy of the genome is inserted into the DNA of the host cell that in invades, thus changing the genome of the cell

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How do retroviruses cause persistent infections

The vision binds to the receptors on the cell surface via its envelope glycoproteins ‘spikes’. The viral reverse transcriptase uses the viral RNA genome as a template to make a DNA copy of the virus, a provirus. This provirus can become integrated into the DNA of the infected host cell

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How are exogenous retrovirus transmitted

Horizontally

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How are endogenous retrovirus transmitted

Are inherited vertically in the genomes of their host

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How to retroviruses replicate

Must integrate a copy of it’s genome into the host’s genome as a provirus. If this occurs in a host germ cell, the provirus may be inherited by the host’s progeny and down the generations as an ERV

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How did HIV first get into human blood

Practice of hunting and slaughtering bush meat

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What is HIV-I closely related to

Simian immunodeficiency virus from chimps

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What is HIV-2 closely related to

SIV from sooty mangabeys

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What does feline immunodeficiency virus decrease

The function of the immune system of domestic and wild cats

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What do cats with feline immunodeficiency virus has a higher chance of getting

Blood cancer

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How is feline immunodeficiency virus spread

From cat to cat through saliva, primarily biting

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How many clades of feline immunodeficiency virus are recognised

A-F and U (New Zealand)

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Can you treat feline immunodeficiency virus

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Preventing the spread of feline immunodeficiency virus

Spay or neuter

Keep indoors

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How do diagnose feline immunodeficiency virus (3)

Detection of provirus DNA by PCR
Detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR
Detection of antibody by ELSIA or immunochromatography

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What is the single biggest cause of clinical signs of feline leukaemia virus

Immunosupression

Once the cat is infected with feline leukaemia virus A what can happen

Virus mutates

What does FeLV-B increase

Frequency of neoplastic diseases

What is FeLV-C strongly associated with

Development of erythroid hypoplasia and consequent severe anaemia

What does FeLV-T have propensity to infect and destroy

T lymphocytes, leading to lymphoid depletion and immunodeficiency

How is feline leukaemia virus transmitted

Oronasal contact with infectious saliva or urine

Where does feline leukaemia virus replicate

Oropharyngeal lymphoid tissue

Does feline leukaemia virus have treatment

How to prevent feline leukaemia virus

Unstable in environment and is susceptible to all common detergents and disinfectants

Is feline foamy virus pathogenic

How is equine infectious anaemia virus transmitted

Blood by blood-feeding tabanid flies between horses in close proximity

What are the clinical signs of infectious anaemia virus

1. Fever, depression and thrombocytopenia | 2. Anemia, petechiation of mucous membranes, dependent oedema, muscle weakness and loss of condition

What is the pathology of infectious anaemia virus

Gross lesions frequently seen in acute cases. | Enlargement of the spleen, liver and abdominal lymphnodes; dependent oedema and mucosal haemorrhages

How to clinically diagnose infectious anaemia virus

Demonstration of antibodies to the virus in blood

What does small ruminant lentivirus infect

Sheep of goats with these viruses cause slow, progressive, inflammatory pathology in many tissues

Where are the most common clinical signs in pathology of small ruminant lentivirus

Lung, mammary gland, CNS and joints

How is small ruminant lentivirus transmitted

To young through milk or colostrum

What does Maedi-Visna cause

Dyspnea and wasting | Causes ill-thrift, chronic respiratory disease and indurative mastitis

What is the pathology of Maedi-Visna

Sheep with maedi - Lungs enlarged, abnormally firm and heavy and fail to collapse when thoracic cavity is opened - Typically emphysematous and mottled or uniformly discoloured In sheep with Visna - May be focal, asymmetric, brownish point areas in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord

Describe caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus polyarthritis

Chronic, painful poly arthritis, accompanied by synovitis and bursitis is the main syndrome in adult goats infected

Describe caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus encephalomyelitis

Seen in kids (2-4 months), exhibits weakness, ataxia and hindlimb placing deficits. Over time causes paralysis

What are the clinical signs of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus

Tumors become sufficiently large or numerous enough to interfere with respiration

Where does Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus replicate

Lung tumor cells, released into airways and is found in respiratory secretions

What is persistent lymphocytosis of bovine leukaemia virus considered

Benign condition associated with BVL infection

What are the clinical sings of lymphosarcoma in bovine leukaemia virus

Juvenile: sudden onset of diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia with to without visceral organ involvement

What type of disease does Jembrana disease virus cause

Acute disease