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Virology > Lecture 14 > Flashcards

Lecture 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of Wellfleet Bay Virus (WFBV) (3)

A
  1. Diarrhoea 2. Lethargy 3. Recumbency
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2
Q

Clinical signs of WFBV

A

Lesions on liver

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3
Q

What is WFBV closely related to

A

Quaranjavirus genus

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4
Q

What type of animal does WFBV infect

A

Birds (common eiders)

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5
Q

How big are Orthomyxoviruses

A

80-120nm

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6
Q

What does Cygnet River virus infect

A

Ducks

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7
Q

How did the ducks get Cygnet River virus

A

They were fed incorrecly

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8
Q

What are natural host for influenza A

A

Wild waterbirds

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9
Q

What are the subtypes of influenza A (2)

A
  1. Hemaggutinin (HA) 2. Neuraminidase (NA)
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10
Q

Where does avian flu virus usually replicate

A

Epithelial cells of GIT

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11
Q

Where do birds excrete the virus in large quantities

A

Droppings

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12
Q

How is avian influenza infection caught

A

Asymptomatically

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13
Q

In influenza A, which subtypes have caused an endemic (4)

A
  1. H1N1 2. H2N1 3. H2N2 4. H3N2
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14
Q

Explain the subtypes and the species they infect

A
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15
Q

What occurs in reassortment (ANTIGENIC SHIFT)

A

Occurs when 2 distinct influenza viruses concurrently infect the same person or animal and may result in progeny virus with genetic material from both viruses

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16
Q

What occurs in mutations/adaptations (ANTIGENIC DRIFT)

A

Occurs when an influenza virus accumulates mutations that enable more efficient infection and spread in a new host

17
Q

What does viral replication use cells to do? (3)

A
  1. Read own RNA 2. Synthesise proteins 3. Assemble the new viruses
18
Q

Where does RNA synthesis occur

A

The cells nucleus

19
Q

Where does protein synthesis occur

A

Ribosomes in cytoplasm

20
Q

During viral replication where does Hemagglutinin attach

A

Sialic acid receptors on the cell

21
Q

Where does influenza HA bind

A

to sialylated glycans on cell surface

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of LPAI (3)

A
  1. Respiratory and/or GIT infection 2. Sneezing, coughing, ocular and nasal discharge, and swollen infraorbital sinuse 3. morbidity and mortality low
23
Q

What are the clinical signs of HPAI (5)

A
  1. Severe, systemic disease 2. Cyanosis and edema of the head, comb and wattle 3. Oedema and red discolouration of the shanks and feet due to subcutaneous haemorrhages 4. Blood-tinged oral and nasal discharge 5. Greenish diarrhoea
24
Q

What are the 3 types AIV and NDV

A
  1. Velogenic strains: high mortality 2. Mesogenic strains: respiratory disease in young chickens and decrease egg production 3. Lentogenic strains: mild respiratory infection or no symptoms
25
Q

Explain the evolution of influenza A/H5N1 virus

A
26
Q

What are some problems with A/H5N1

A
  1. Large death in birds 2. Many birds have to be killed 3. Huge financial cost
27
Q

Where did the H7N9 virus occur

A

China

28
Q

What type of population does H7N9 effect

A

older males

29
Q

What are some strategies in markets to reduce avian viruses (3)

A
  1. Market cleaning 2. Destocking overnight 3. Rest days
30
Q

Clinical signs of swine influenza (6)

A
  1. Going off feed 2. High fever 3. Discharge from eyes and nose, sneezing 4. Breathing difficulties 5. Barking cough 6. Huddling and inactivity
31
Q

Why can pigs get infected with both human and avian viruses

A

Their tracheal epithelium has both receptors for avian and human viruses

32
Q

Which type of influenza virus in horses is the only one that still exists

A

H3N2

33
Q

Clinical signs of equine influenza (3)

A
  1. Increase in temperature 2. Deep, dry, hacking cough 3. Watery nasal discharge which may later become thick and smelly
34
Q

Which 2 strains of influenza virus have been identified in dogs

A
  1. H3N8 2. H3N2
35
Q

What two swabs are essential when swabbing a bird for influenza

A
  1. Oropharyngeal swab 2. Cloacal swabs

Virology (23 decks)

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