Lecture 16 Flashcards
What are the subfamilies of Herpesviridae (3)
- Alphaherpesvirinae
- Betaherpervirinae
- Gammahepesvirinae
Where is Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 and 4
In horses
What does EHV-1 cause
respiratory disease, abortion and neurologic disease
What does EHV-4 cause
Respiratory disease
Where is EHV-1 and -4 most commonly seen
Weaned foals and yearlings
Clinical signs of EHV-1 and -4
Coughing, nasal discharge, enlargement of the mandibular and/or retropharyngeal lymph nodes, lethargy, anorexia, conjunctivitis
Clinical signs of EHM (5)
- Incoordination of hind
- Ataxia
- Urine retention
- Recumbency
- Neurological sigs are preceded by fever and/or respiration
How to diagnose EHV-1 and -4 (3)
- Laboratory diagnosis with histological lesions
- Viral antigens
- Viral genome can be detected using specific PCR
What are the vaccines of EHV-1 and EHV-4 (2)
- Live attenuated and inactivated vaccines
2. Reduce abortion and CNS infection
Equid gammeherpesvirus 2 and 5 is present where?
Horses
What is associated with Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis
EHV-5 and with EHV-2, can be linked with a characteristic interstitial lung fibrosis
What does Equine Multinodular Pulmonary Fibrosis affect
Older horses causing weightless and reduced ability to exercise as result of the formations of nodular lesions in the lungs
Where does Equid alphaherpesvirus cause lesions
Penis and vulva
What are the clinical signs of canid alphaherpesvirus 1 in pups
Generalised necrotising and haemorrhage disease
How can pups become infected with canid alphaherpesvirus
Neonatal, this causes vocalisation, anorexia, dyspnoea, abdominal pain, incoordination and soft faeces
What is felid alphaherpesvirus
Upper respiratory tract disease
What are the clinical signs of felid alphaherpesvirus
Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis and sometimes fever and loss of appetite
What is gallid alphaherpesvirus
Infectious laryngotracheitis
What does gallid alphaherpesvirus
Conjunctivitis, pharyngitis and tracheitis
What are early signs of gallid alphaherpesvirus
Hard swallowing, ruffled feathers on back of head, squinting and conjunctivitis
What are the classic signs of gallid alphaherpesvirus
Coughing, gasping and expending the neck forward and upward with each breath to clear mucous from trachea
How is ILT transmitted from animal to animal
Respiratory secretions
How can ILT be transmitted between flocks
aerosols or fomites
What is gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 also known as
Marek’s Disease
What are the clinical signs of Marek’s disease
Depression, paralysis, appetite loss, weight loss, anaemia, dehydration
What are the Marek’s disease vaccine derived from
- Attenuated versions of the wild type virus (serotype 1)
- A related Marek’s disease virus (serotype 2)
- A related herpesvirus from turkeys (serotype 3)
What are the first signs of Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1 in flocks
High persistent mortality with significant drop in egg production in laying flocks
What is Suid alphaherpesvirus also known as
Aujeszky’s disease
How is Aujeszky’s disease spread
Nose-to-nose contact between pigs
How to diagnose Aujeszky’s disease
Detection of antigen or viral DNA in tissue
What is Bovine alphaherpesvirus also known as
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
How can viral DNA of Bovine alphaherpesvirus be detected
PCR
What does Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 cause
Meningoencephalitis and mild respiratory disease in cattle
What are the 2 Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 caused in cattle
- Bovine mammillitis - often associated with early winter and first lactation heifers
- Pseudo-lumpy skin disease - characterised by a generalised eruption of superficial cutaneous nodules
What does Malignant catarrhal fever infect
Cattle
What are the clinical signs of Malignant catarrhal fever (4)
- Fever, depression, weakness, diarrhoea
- Muzzle and nares are encrusted
- Bilateral keratitis
- Ataxia, nystagmus and head pressing
Where do Herpesviruses replicate
Nucleus
