Lecture 20 Flashcards
What shape are Rhabidoviridae
Bullet-shaped or cone shaped
What sort of pathogen are Lyssaviruses
Neurotropic pathogens
Rabies virus; what is a maintenance host
The species sustained the virus life cycle. Successful control or rabies in the maintenance host will lead to eradication of the virus cycle in the ecology community
Rabies virus: what is a spill over host
Infected hosts that being to species that do not normally maintain the virus biotype. These hosts have no epidemiological significance in sustaining rabies epidemics. Spill over hosts are usually dead-end hosts. They may transmit infection to other hosts
What are the clinical features of rabies
Acute encephalitis in all warm-blooded host and the outcomes is almost always fatal.
First symptoms: non specific, lethargy, fever, vomiting and anorexia
Signs progress within a few days to cerebral dysfunction, cranial nerve dysfunction, ataxia, weakness, paralysis, seizures, difficulty breathing, swallowing, excessive salivation, abnormal behaviour, aggression, and/or self mutilation
How to control rabies
Vaccination
How do diagnose rabies
Gold standard: direct fluorescent antibody technique
RT-PCR
Virus isolation
What are the clinical signs of Australian Bat Lyssavirus
- Overt agression
- Paresis and paralysis
- Seizures, tremors and weakness
- Respiratory difficulties
What does Bovine ephemeral fever virus affect
Cattle and water buffalo
Where was Bovine ephemeral fever virus an endemic
Northern Australia
Where was Bovine ephemeral fever virus an epidemic
Subtropical and temperate areas
What is the first recognised stage of Bovine ephemeral fever virus
Acute febrile stage appears suddenly and is especially noticeable in dairy cattle
What is the second recognised stage of Bovine ephemeral fever virus
Muscular stiffness and lameness in 1 or more limb
What is the third recognised stage of Bovine ephemeral fever virus
During recovery, most affected animals resume eating and drinking . Animas may go down with heavy animals in good condition being most affected. Some animals remain down due to muscle damage or damage to spinal cord
What can you expect to see on a post mortem of an animal with Bovine ephemeral fever virus
Small amount of fibrin-rich fluid in the neural, peritoneal and pericardial cavities
Oedema, lobular congestion or collapse may be apparent in the lungs, and emphysematous lesions
Polyarthritis and focal necrosis of skeletal muscles
How is Bovine ephemeral fever virus diagnosed
Presences of lameness, muscular stiffness, pain, short fever and rapid spread of disease through herds
PCR test
2 blood samples : first stages and 14 days later
Where is vesticular stomatitis seen
Domesticated cattle, horses, swine
What is the incubation period of vesticular stomatitis
2-7 days
What are the clinical signs of vesticular stomatitis
First manifestation of disease is usually excessive salivation
Blanched raised or broken vesicles of various sizes in the mouth
What is the recovery time with vesticular stomatitis
few days to 2 weeks
How does vesticular stomatitis spread
- Direct contact
- Fomites
- Vectors
How to diagnose vesticular stomatitis
Laboratory diagnosis Vesicle fluid, epithelium covering un-ruptured vesicles, epithelial flaps of freshly ruptured vesicles, or swabs of the ruptured vesicle; from mouth, feet and other sites of vesicle development - Indirect sandwich ELSIA - PCR - Viral isolation
What is the zoonosis of vesticular stomatitis
Self-Limiting influenza-like disease lasting 3-5 days in people working in close contact with the virus
What is pike fry rhabdovirus
Acute haemorrhage infection causing hydrocephalus, red disease and high mortality
