Lecture 21 Flashcards
Why does Coronavirus have high level of mutations
Recombination and mutation
What does Canine coronavirus cause
Mild gastro-intestinal signs
What is the difference between Canine coronavirus I and Canine coronavirus II
CCoV-I viruses are thought to co-circulate extensively with CCoV-II viruses often occurring as co-coinfections - natural selection of novel recombinant viruses is not common
How is Canine coronavirus transmitted
Fecal-oral route
Where does Canine coronavirus replicate
Epithelial cells of the intestines
Canine coronavirus: what do changes in the small intestine morphologically translate into
A loss of normal digestive and absorptive functions an the clinical signs of diarrhoea and dehydration in affected dogs
Why is there an increase in disease severity in pigs and the emergence of novel Canine coronavirus
Can be attributed to the high level of recombination within the spike gene that can occur during infection by more than one Canine coronavirus type in the same host
How is Canine coronavirus treated
Supportive care, including good maintenance of fluid and electrolytes
How is Canine coronavirus prevented
Inactive and modified-live virus vaccines
What does feline enteric cornoavirus infect
Domestic cats
When does shedding of feline enteric cornoavirus occur
1 week of initial infection
How do cats become infected with feline enteric cornoavirus
Inhalation of virus-containing faeces or through contact with contaminated fomites
What are the clinical signs of feline enteric cornoavirus
Diarrhoea, vomiting
What did feline infectious peritonitis arise from
Internal mutation from feline enteric cornoavirus
What are the clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis
Abdominal distension with ascites, dyspnoea with pleural effusion, jaundice, discernible masses on the kidneys and/or mesenteric lymph nodes and eye inflammation
Neurological signs due to brain and/or spinal cord involvement
Where is feline infectious peritonitis commonly found
In faeces from diarrhoea and healthy shelter cats
What does porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus cause
Vomiting and profuse diarrhoea in pigs of all ages
What did porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus originate rom
Serotype II caine coronavirus
What does porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus do
Infects and destroys villous epithelial cells of the jejunum and ileum, which results in severe villous atrophy, malabsorption, osmotic diarrhoea and dehydration
What is the initial sign of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus
Vomiting, followed by profuse watery diarrhoea, dehydration and excessive thirst
What did porcine respiratory coronavirus evolve from
TGEV through genetic deletion in the spike gene of the virus
How is porcine respiratory coronavirus spread
Via aerosol and direct contact between pigs
What does the spread of porcine respiratory coronavirus protect against
TGEV
What does swine enteric alphacoronavirus and swine acute diarrhoea syndrome coronavirus have outbreaks of
Severe watery diarrhoea of sucking piglets
Clinical signs of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus
Vomiting, constipation and anorexia
Where does replication of porcine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis occur
Respiratory tract, and it can further spread to CNS through peripheral nervous system
What is bovine coronavirus associated with
Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in cattle including diarrhoea in neonatal calves, winter dysentery and respiratory tract illness
When do cows show signs of bovine coronavirus
5-30 days of lifer
What does bovine coronavirus cause
profuse watery diarrhoea, and faeces can contain blood clots
Where is equine coronavirus identified
Faeces of normal foals and those with intestinal disease
What is infectious bronchitis virus
Infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious disease of major economics importance in commercial chicken flocks throughout the world
Clinical signs of bovine coronavirus
- Chicks may cough, sneeze and have tracheal rales
- Feed consumption and weight gain reduced
How is bovine coronavirus transmission
Virus spreads horizontally by aerosol or ingestion of faeces or contaminated feed or water
Virus is highly infections
How to treat bovine coronavirus
Vaccination
