Lecture 9

Question 1

what are the four major types of living organisms

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

which of the four major types of living organisms are monomers

Answer 2

lipids

Question 3

what is the function of carbohydrates

Answer 3

energy storage, structural components

Question 4

what is in a monosaccharide

Answer 4

glucose (carbohydrate)

Question 5

what is in a disaccharide

Answer 5

sucrose (carbohydrate)

Question 6

what is the most common way that plants transport energy

Answer 6

through sucrose

Question 7

what is in a polysaccharide

Answer 7

starch, cellulose, chitin

Question 8

what are characteristics of lipids

Answer 8

fats and fatlike substance, hydrophobic, energy-storage, structural purpose

Question 9

what are phospholipids

Answer 9

structural role in cell membrane and amphipathic

Question 10

what are steroids

Answer 10

cell membranes and hormones

Question 11

how do lipids help with water loss

Answer 11

cutin, suberin, and waxes

Question 12

what are nucleic acids

Answer 12

polymers of nucleotides, DNA and RNA

Question 13

what is the function of nucleic acids

Answer 13

introductions from protein synthesis

Question 14

what is ATP

Answer 14

a modified nucleotide

Question 15

where are primary metabolites found

Answer 15

found in all plant cells and are necessary for the life of the plant

Question 16

where re secondary metabolites found

Answer 16

found only in some cells and vary by species/plant organ/cell

Question 17

what are characteristics of secondary metabolites

Answer 17

chemical signals, defense, protection from radiation, aid in pollen and seed dispersal

Question 18

what are the three types of secondary metabolites

Answer 18

alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics

Question 19

morphine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine are examples of what

Answer 19

alkaloids

Question 20

where are terpenoids found

Answer 20

in all plants

Question 21

isoprene, essential oils, taxol, rubber, and cardiac glycosides are examples of what

Answer 21

terpenoids

Question 22

where are phenolics found

Answer 22

present in all parts of almost all plants

Question 23

what components do all cells contain

Answer 23

plasma membrane, genetic material, cytosol, ribosomes

Question 24

what is the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 24

transport in and out of protoplasts; coordinates synthesis and assembly of cell wall; receives and transmits signals

Question 25

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 25

controls ongoing cell activity; stores genetic information

Question 26

what are plastids

Answer 26

function in photosynthesis and storage; are classified in part by the type of pigments they contain

Question 27

what are characteristics of plastids

Answer 27

own DNA and ribosomes; double membrane; division by fission

Question 28

what are characteristics of chloroplasts

Answer 28

contain chlorophylls and carotenoids; site of photosynthesis; temporary starch storage

Question 29

what are characteristics of mitochondria

Answer 29

own DNA and ribosomes; double membrane; divided by fission; sites of cellular respiration

Question 30

what are vacuoles

Answer 30

membrane-bound region filled with liquid; may be 90% of cell volume

Question 31

what is the function of vacuoles

Answer 31

maintain tissue rigidity; store primary and secondary metabolites; store pigments; may breakdown and recycle macromolecules

Question 32

where are flagella found

Answer 32

in gametes in plants with motile sperm

Question 33

what type of plants have flagella

Answer 33

mosses, liverworts, ferns, cycads, ginko

Question 34

what is the cell wall composed of

Answer 34

cellulose, lignin, cutin, suberin, wax, middle lamella

Question 35

what is unique to cells with secondary walls

Answer 35

they are no longer able to divide or differentiate nor increase in size, usually die after formation

Question 36

what are plasmodesmata

Answer 36

cytoplasmic strands connecting adjacent cells

Question 37

what are the parts of the cell cycle

Answer 37

interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Question 38

what are phragmosomes

Answer 38

cytoplasmic strands

Question 39

what are phragmoplasts

Answer 39

microtubules that guide the Golgi in forming the cell plate