Lecture 11 Flashcards
what is aerobic respiration
consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP
what is fermentation
is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2
what is anaerobic respiration
similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2
what is oxidation
the removal of elections from a substance
what does is mean when a substance is oxidized
the substance from which the electrons are removed
what is reduction
the addition of electrons to a substance
what does it mean when a substance is reduced
the substance that received the electrons
during photosynthesis, what happens to electrons
electrons from water are pushed to very high energy levels and stored in sugar molecules
what does the total energy obtained in a reaction depend on
the difference between the high energy level in fuel and the lower energy level in the final acceptor
what is the stepwise energy harvest
glucose and other organic fuels are broken down in a series of steps by an enzyme; electrons are removed from the fuel; electrons travel with a proton; O2 is the final acceptor
how is ATP made
substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
what is glycolysis
“sugar splitting” takes place in the cytosol; energy investment; energy payoff; no CO2 released; takes place with or without O2
what is pyruvate oxidation
mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes; move into matrix by active transport; oxidation generates CO2; acetyl group is fed to the citric acid cycle
what is oxidative phosphorylation
High-energy electrons are delivered to oxygen by a sequence of electron carriers in the electron transfer system
what do allosteric enzymes regulate
cellular respiration
