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Plant Science > Lecture 13 > Flashcards

Lecture 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is evolution

A

descent with modification

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2
Q

what is the process of evolution

A

variation, natural selection, adaptation

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3
Q

what are the species concepts

A

biological, morphological, phylogenetic

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4
Q

what is the biological species concept

A

a species is a group of natural populations whose members can interbreed with one another but cannot interbreed with members of other such groups

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5
Q

what is the morphological species concept

A

based on morphological distinctiveness

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6
Q

what is the phylogenetic species concept

A

based on historical relationships or ancestry (uses genetics)

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7
Q

what are the two types of speciation in plants

A

allopatric and sympatric

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8
Q

what is allopolyploid

A

occurs from sterile hybrid becoming a polyploid

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9
Q

what is the role of asexual reproduction

A

allows for hybrids and polyploids to persist as separate species even if meiosis (sexual reproduction) is not possible

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10
Q

what is taxonomy

A

the identifying, naming and classifying of species

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11
Q

what is the name of the hierarchical classification

A

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature

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12
Q

what do all plant families end in

A

-aceae

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13
Q

what do all plant orders end in

A

-ales

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14
Q

what are the methods of classification

A

outward similarities and phylogenetic analysis

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15
Q

what are the three domains of life

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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16
Q

what domains have a prokaryotic cell type

A

bacteria and archaea

17
Q

what domains have a eukaryotic cell type

A

eukarya

18
Q

what domains have a chlorophyll-based photosynthesis

A

bacteria and eukarya

19
Q

what is the origin of eukaryotes

A

endosymbiosis

20
Q

what is the evidence for endosymbiosis

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar size to bacteria, divide by a process similar to binary fission, circular DNA, contain codes for ribosomes, 2 or more membranes, chloroplasts resemble cyanobacteria

21
Q

how many modern endosymbionts are there

A

more than 150 living genera across 11 phyla

22
Q

what species are included in the modern endosymbionts

A

Includes species that contain eukaryotic algae or cyanobacteria as residents in the cytoplasm of their cells

23
Q

what are the four kingdoms of Eukarya

A

fungi, protista, plantae, animalia

24
Q

which kingdom is paraphyletic

A

protista

25
Q

which kingdoms are monophyletic

A

fungi, plantae, animalia

26
Q

what are some characteristics of the kingdom fungi

A

unicellular and filamentous multicellular, lack plastids and photosynthetic pigments, absorb nutrients from living or dead organisms, usually asexual and sexual reproduction

27
Q

what are fungi’s relationship to plants

A

pathogens, mycorrhizae, and lichens

28
Q

what are some characteristics of the kingdom animalia

A

multicellular, lack: cell walls, plastids, and photosynthetic pigments, most use ingestion to obtain energy, sexual reproduction, relationship with plants: consume, pollinate, and seed dispersal

29
Q

what are some characteristics of the kingdom protista

A

unicellular, colonial, simple multicellular, protozoa, algae, water molds, slime molds, autotrophs, heterotrophs, myxotrophs, reproduction by cell division and sex

30
Q

what are some characteristics of the kingdom plantae

A

multicellular, ancestors: specialized green algae, contain vacuoles, cell walls of cellulose, photosynthesis

31
Q

what are the types of meiosis

A

zygotic, gametic, sporic

32
Q

what are the alternations of generations

A

gametophyte, sporophyte, isomorphic vs. heteromorphic

Plant Science (20 decks)

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