Lecture 1 Flashcards
Which organisms go through photosynthesis
plants, algae, and some bacteria
What are characteristics of living things
- ability to grow
- ability to reproduce
- ability to pass on their genes
- cellular organization
- respond to the environment
- evolve/adapt
Which organisms came first on primitive earth
heterotrophic organisms
What does heterotrophic mean
can’t make their own food
Which organisms evolved second on primitive earth
autotrophic organisms
What does autotrophic mean
can make their own food
When did photosynthesis first come about
3.4 billion years ago
How did autotrophic organisms change primitive earth
were able to split water and release oxygen into the atmosphere
What are some consequences of oxygen in the atmosphere
- ozone layer
- cellular respiration
- evolution of eukaryotic cells
What was the seashore environment like
- more complicated than open sea
- more nutrients than open sea
- multicellular photosynthetic organisms
How did plants have to change to colonize land
They had to develop roots, stems, and leaves (epidermis, cuticle, and stomata)
What does the epidermis allow
keeps moisture in
What is the cuticle
waxy substance
What is the stomata
opening for gas exchange
What is the vascular system composed of
xylem and phloem
How does the xylem work
moves water from roots to leaves
How does the phloem work
moves nutrients from leaves to roots
What is cork
it allows perennials to have more structure and live longer
What is cork composed of
bark
What are the two types of meristems
apical meristems and lateral meristems
What is apical meristem
allows for primary growth, root and shoot
What is lateral meristem
secondary growth, vascular and cork cambium
What is meristem
embryonic tissue regions capable of adding cells indefinitely to the plant body
What are some characteristics of plants
- meristem
- reproduce on land
- adapt for life on land
How do plants reproduce on land
spores and seeds
How are seeds beneficial to the plant embryo
they protect them from predators and are a source of food storage
What are biomes
made up of naturally occurring communities of plants and animals determined by the climate
What are ecosystems
include living and non-living; are stable but not static even though the organisms are constantly being born and dying.. The same kind of organisms tend to be present over time if the ecosystem is not destroyed
What caused a huge change in the ecosystem
the industrial revolution
How can plants help human’s impact on the earth
- global warming
- pollutants
- genetic engineering
- drugs for humans
How can sunflowers counteract radioactivity
they are able to absorb radioactive cesium and strontium from nuclear disasters at a quick pace
How do poplar and willow trees help with pollutants
they are able to remove contaminated fuel from fields and ground water
How does pickleweed help with pollution
pickleweed removes selenium, transforms it into a non-harmful substance, and releases it into the atmosphere to be carried away by the winds
