Lecture 5 Flashcards
Where are apical meristems found
found in roots and shoot tips
What do apical meristems do
extend the plants body
What are leaf primordiums
future leaves
What are Axillary bud primordium
meristematic cells left behind by apical meristem that are inhibited by apical meristem can become “active” and form new apical meristem or flower/shoot.
What is the root caps function
to protect the apical meristem while the roots push through the soil
What is the difference between the initial cells and the derivative cells in apical meristem
Initials divide in such a way that one of the sister cells remains in the meristem as an initial and the other becomes a new body cell, or derivative.
What is indeterminate growth
a plant grows its whole life
What are the three processes of development
growth, morphogenesis, differentiation
What are the three groups of tissue systems in a plant
ground, vascular, and dermal
What is the difference between simple and complex tissues
Simple tissues have one cell type, while complex tissues have more than one cell type.
What tissues are in ground system
parenchyma tissue, collenchyma tissue, and sclerenchyma tissue
What is contained in the vascular system
xylem and phloem
What is contained in the dermal system
epidermis and periderm
What are characteristics of parenchyma cells
usually living at maturity, capable of mitosis, secondary walls, photosynthesis, storage, secretion, and transport
Where are totipotent cells located
in the parenchyma cells
What are totipotent cells
they retain the ability to transform into other cells (similar to stem cells)
Where are transfer cells located
in the parenchyma cells
What are transfer cells
Intense short distance solute transfer (next to phloem, xylem, reproductive and glandular structures…) Found near the vascular system
What are some characteristics of collenchyma tissues
living at maturity, support young, growing organs, commonly found under epidermis in leaves and around eudicot leaf veins
What are some characteristics of sclerenchyma tissue
dead at maturity, thick lignified secondary wall, strength and support plant parts, contains sclereids and fibers
What happens to the xylem after plant elongation
the procambium is destroyed
What is the xylem derived from
procambium and vascular cambium
Where are tracheary elements found
xlyem
What are principal conducting cells
elongated cells with secondary walls, no protoplasts at maturity, and may have pits
Where are vessel elements found
xylem
what are vessel elements
main conducting cell in angiosperms, contain perforations, trade-offs with perforations
what is differentiation
programmed cell death
What does the phloem transport
transports food, amino acids, lipids, hormones, floral stimulus, proteins, and viruses
where are sieve elements located
in the phloem
where are sieve cells located
gymnosperms
where are sieve-tuve elements located
angiosperms
what are sieve elements
primary walls, living protoplasts at maturity, callose
what are the companion cells connected to in the phloem
sieve-tube elements
what are the albuminous cells associated with in the phloem
sieve cells
What is the outermost cell layer of primary plant body
epidermis
what are the specialized cells in the epidermis
guard cells and trichomes
what are guard cells
they open and close the stomata
what are trichomes
increased reflection of solar radiation, absorption of water/minerals, protection from herbivory, glandular
what is the function of the periderm
replaces epidermis in secondary growth
what does the periderm comprise of
cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm
